Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3103 > semantic memory > Flashcards

semantic memory Flashcards

1
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

The part of declarative (explicit) long-term memory that stores knowledge of general facts and concepts of the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the building blocks of semantic memory?

A
  • Concept
  • Category
  • Propositions
  • Schemas
  • Stereotypes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define ‘concept’.

A

A mental representation of a category of objects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define ‘category’.

A

A set or class of objects that belong together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the common-feature approach?

A

Concepts are defined by essential, common features shared across all concepts of the same category.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are ‘fuzzy boundaries’ in concept categorization?

A

The grey zone of transition that exists between categories, making it difficult to define concepts based on essential features.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a prototype in the context of categorization?

A

A central description or conceptual store representing the category, stored in long-term memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is ‘family resemblance’?

A

A high level of match between an item and its prototype.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the typicality effect refer to?

A

People are faster to decide that a typical member belongs to a particular category compared to a non-typical member.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False: Not all concepts have clear prototypes.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the exemplar approach?

A

Instead of storing a single prototype, we store examples (exemplars) of the category in long-term memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the knowledge-based approach to categorization emphasize?

A

Categories are based on knowledge about causal, functional, or structural properties of things in the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the hub-and-spoke model?

A

A model in which each spoke is a modality-specific region providing contextual variability, and each concept has a hub that integrates all information stored in the spokes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the theoretical approaches to semantic organization?

A
  • Hierarchical
  • Network-based
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In a hierarchical structure, what is the top-level category?

A

The most abstract category, such as a type of furniture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a limitation of the three-level hierarchy in categorization?

A

It is too inflexible and arbitrary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What did Collin and Loftus (1975) argue about semantic memory?

A

Semantic memory is organized based on semantic relatedness in a form of a semantic network.

18
Q

What are ‘nodes’ and ‘links’ in a semantic network?

A
  • Nodes = concepts
  • Links = connect related concepts
19
Q

What is the word association task used for?

A

To find out which concepts are related to each other.

20
Q

Fill in the blank: Semantic vectors imply that the meaning of words can be inferred from the _______.

A

other words that co-occur with it in a large corpora of text.

21
Q

What is the limitation of exemplar theories?

A

They assume no abstraction of concepts.

22
Q

What is the main conclusion about concept formation and categorization?

A

They are complex cognitive processes involved in our semantic memory representation.

23
Q

What is semantic similarity?

A

The meaning of words can be inferred from the other words that co-occur with it in a large corpora of text

Usually written and from the Internet

24
Q

What is Simlex-999?

A

A human-generated dataset commonly used to evaluate computational models of language and meaning

Source: https://fh295.github.io/simlex.html

25
Q

What does latent semantic analysis compute?

A

Co-occurrence patterns among words

The connection weights learned by the model correspond to the semantic vectors that represent the meaning of words

26
Q

How can we quantify the similarity of two words’ meanings?

A

By analyzing their vectors

27
Q

What is spreading activation?

A

A key concept in semantic memory where activation spreads to other connected nodes, enriching the meaning of the original concept

28
Q

What is a proposition in the context of combining concepts?

A

Combine concepts based on rules to result in a true or false statement

29
Q

Define schema.

A

A set of related propositions that forms an integrated packet of information about the world, events, or people

30
Q

What is a stereotype?

A

A type of schema containing negative overgeneralizations of a certain group of people

31
Q

What are the functions of schemas?

A
  • Facilitate perception and memory
  • Enable predictions, expectations, and inferences
32
Q

What are key concepts in semantic memory?

A
  • Concept
  • Category
  • Propositions
  • Schema
  • Stereotype
33
Q

What are the theories of categorizing concepts?

A
  • Common features
  • Prototype
  • Exemplar
  • Knowledge-based
34
Q

What are the theories of semantic organization?

A
  • Hierarchical
  • Network-based
35
Q

What is the mechanism of spreading activation?

A

Activation spreads to interconnected nodes in the semantic network

36
Q

True or False: The mid-term test consists of 10 MCQs worth 1 point each.

A

True

37
Q

Fill in the blank: The mid-term test also includes 2 short essay questions worth ______ points each.

A

5 points

38
Q

What is the maximum number of words allowed for each essay question in the mid-term test?

A

300 words

39
Q

What should students bring to the mid-term test?

A

A fully charged laptop with Examplify installed

40
Q

What is the duration of the mid-term test?

A

1 hour

41
Q

What type of test is the mid-term exam?

A

Closed book

3103 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions