Sem 2

Question 1

How do prions cause disease

Answer 1

Accumulation of disease prions in nervous tissues leads to prions disease or transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)

Question 2

How do viruses replicate within the human host

Answer 2

1. they replicate by attaching to their host cell with attachment proteins on their surface
2. attach nucleic acid into host cell
3. genetic info on injected viral nucleic acid then provides instructions for host cells metabolic processes to start producing rural components- nucleic acid, enzymes +structural proteins
4. then assembled into new viruses

Question 3

What are to essential features of genetic exchange

Answer 3

Transformation genetic exchange using a recipient cell
Transduction - transfer of dna using a bacteriophage
Conjugation - cell to cell contact

Question 4

What features makes a microorganisms disease causing

Answer 4

When an organism gains to the detriment of the other

Question 5

What is a biofilm

Answer 5

Cells attached to a surface (living or non-living) covered in an extra cellular matrix.
Composed of single or multi species; bacteria
Extremely resistant to Antimicrobial and host defences act as a reservoir of infection

Question 6

Describe the role of a pharmacist in infection control

Answer 6

• provide public health advice
• provide prescribing support to GP’s
• prescription advise

Question 7

What is the difference between an obligate pathogen and a commensal bacterium

Answer 7

Obligate pathogens are strict and will not take advantage of the host
Commensal bacterial act on the host’s immune system to induce protective responses that prevent colonization and invasion by pathogens.

Question 8

What do epidemic curves show

Answer 8

They show: mode of transmission/ timing of exposure/ cause of exposure