Sem 1 exam Logical Fallacies Flashcards
Argument
a conclusion together with the premises that support it
Syllogism
a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed premisis
Premise
a reason offered as support for another claim
Conclusion
the claim, supported by a premise or premises
Valid
an argument whose premises genuinely support its conclusion
Unsound
an argument that as at least one false premise
Fallacy
an argument that relies upon faulty reasoning
Booby trap
an argument that, while not a fallacy, might lead an inattentive reader to commit a fallacy
aristotle
father of modern logic
deductive reasoning
moves from stated premises to a valid conclusion
inductive reasoning
reasoning from detailed facts to general principles
hasty gerneralization
when you use a couple of examples to make a broad conclusion
dicto simpliciter
an argument on an unqualified generalization overlooks an obvious exception
false dilemma
take something complicated and make it appear as if there are only 2 options
two wrongs
assuming 2 wrongs make a right
Bandwagon Fallacy
an idea is true because its popular
ad Hominem
personal attack (name calling)
non sequitur
“it does not follow” using a fact and predict a conclusion however the conclusion has no relationship to the 1st statement
circular reasoning
the conclusion is part of the premises, begging the question
post hoc “doubtful case”
just because something happened it causes another thing to happen (I wore new shoes and won the last race, so the shoes are magic)
Slippery Slope
if you do one thing, it will lead to other things. from A to Z
False analogy
offer no proof of the connection between the 2 things being compared
Faulty use of Authority
a person judged to be an authority affirms a proposition to the claim that the proposition is true
testimonial
an endorsement by a celebrity
appeal to ignorance
you assume that because your opponent cannot prove something that it wont happen or doesn’t exist
appeal to pity
attempts to persuade using emotion
red herring
an argument that pretends to establish a particular conclusion but that really argues for something else entirely
straw man
exaggerating his or her position
