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GIS course > Self test questions > Flashcards

Self test questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 components which are generally covered in the deginitions of a GIS?

A

(1) A computer system, (2) Spatially referenced data, (3) Managment and analysis tasks.

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2
Q

An object oriented approach is most appropriate to represent …., and there is ….space between the objects.

A

discrete objects, and there is empty space between the objects.

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3
Q

The develepmont of GIS was primarily enabled by?

A

Advances in computer technology.

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4
Q

Is it possible to fit all the features of the real world in a GIS?

A

No, the GIS designer decides what he wants to represent and considers what he finds neccesary. It is herefore a simplified view of the world.

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5
Q

Which are the basic symbol types (spacial entitites) used in mapping and vector-based GIS?

A

Points, lines and polygons.

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6
Q

How is the sphere of the earth pojected on a map?

A

As a 2D surface.

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7
Q

Does a map projecten require a geographical reference system?

A

No not necessarily.

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8
Q

What is the correct order to simulate geographical complexities in your computer?

A
  1. Identify the spatial features that are of interest
  2. Select an appropriate spatial data model (raster or vector).
  3. Select an appropriate spatial data structure to store your data within the computer.
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9
Q

Do the following surface have a fuzzy boundary?

  • A natural floodplain (without dikes)
  • A paved road
  • The transition between desert and steppe
  • A mountain range
A
  • A natural floodplain (without dikes) Yes
  • A paved road No
  • The transition between desert and steppe Yes
  • A mountain range Yes
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10
Q

Which conversion methods can be used for the conversion of analogue data?

A

Manual digitizing, keyboard-entry and automatic digitzing.

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11
Q

What is a major disadvantage of aerial phoographs in the use of a GIS model?

A

The lack of providing spatially referenced data.

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12
Q

Which three differen types of pattern recognition can be idintified?

A

Spectral pattern, Spatial pattern and Temporal pattern.

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13
Q

Why are only three bands shown when displaying a multispectral image on a computer monitor?

A

Because the monitor uses an RGB system to create colors on the screen.

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14
Q

What is Meta-data refered to as?

A

data about data

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15
Q

Does spatial interpolation involve a tranformation?

A

No

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16
Q

Calculating the mean surface area of a geogrpahic object is commonly refered to as:

A

processing by attributes

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17
Q

Can buffering be applied to vector models? And to raster models?

A

Buffering can be applied to raster and vector models.

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18
Q

What is the effective distance?

A

The effective distance accounts for barriers such as physical barriers, social, economic or technical resistances.

19
Q

How can we define Eucladian distance?

A

This is the distance as the crow flies.

20
Q

How many data points does the exact method take into account in point interpolation?

A

All of the observed data points.

21
Q

Which interpolation methods produces a smooth surface between sample points?

A

Gradual methods

22
Q

Are there any differences between vector-based and raster-based overlay?

A

Yes, vector-based map overlay is time consuming and complex while raster based is efficient and quick.

23
Q

Is it possible to overlay raster layers with different resolutions?

A

No, all layers should be converted to the lowest resolution any of the layers has.

24
Q

What is slope?

A

Slope is the steepness or grqadient of a unit of terrain, usually measured as an angle in degrees or as a percentage.

25
Q

What is the definition of aspect?

A

Aspect is the direction in which a unit of terrain faces, usually expressed in degrees from north.

26
Q

On which type of maps, does the projection have the largest influence?

A

Small-scale maps.

27
Q

A well designed GIS should be able to:

A

Provide quick an easy acces to large volumes of data, provide the ability to analye spatial data and produce adequate output.

28
Q

A layer based aproached is most appropriate to represtant …. phenomena. Each …. phenomena is typically represented by …. layer.

A

A layer based aproached is most appropriate to represtant continues phenomena. Each continues phenomena is typically represented by a seperate layer.

29
Q

Which of the following concepts aided in the develepmont of GIS?

The systems approach

Spatial statistics

Comouter cartography

A

All of the mentioned concepts

30
Q

What is the difference between data and information?

A

Data are just numbers, information is data with meaning and context added.

31
Q

Which spatial entity is best used to visualize power cables?

A

Lines

32
Q

Do map projections always result in distortion?

A

Yes because they transfer the sperical earth on a 2d surface also the angle of the taken image is important.

33
Q

The entity type network is represented by:

A

Lines

34
Q

Can hole polygons and island be adequently represented in topological structures?

A

Yes, also no node or line segment can be duplicated

35
Q

In what respect is a geostationairy satelite stationary?

A

In respect to the earth

36
Q

Supervised classification can be classified in three stages, which three?

A
  1. Training stage
  2. Classification stage
  3. Output stage
37
Q

What is the difference between errors and bias in a GIS data set?

A

Errors are physical differences between the real world and the data set or map in GIS, flaws in data. Bias is a consistent error throughout a data set, a systematic variation of data from reality due to technical inconsistenties.

38
Q

How can a continues raster be converted to a vector dataset consisting of polygons?

A

Using a filtering technique.

Use reclassification to convert the values into classes with an ordinal or nominal scale.

39
Q

When using filtering what will happen to the data of a cell?

A

The data will be changed according to the values of neighboring cells.

40
Q

Do distance calculation always reflect Euclidian distances?

A

No

41
Q

Buffering is limited to

A

Isomorphic spreading from a certain entity.

42
Q

Which statement defines the trend surface spatial interpolation method?

A

The trend surface method fits through a three dimensional set of data points (x, y, z) but does not necessarily honour all data points.

43
Q

What does a positive profile curvature mean?

A

A positive profile curvature indicates a convex slope profile and has a plan curvature such a spurs and ridges.

44
Q
A

GIS course (4 decks)

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