Self Report Techniques/sampling Techniques

Question 1

Describe what a structured interview is

Answer 1

Interview with pre -determined set of questions
(Basically a closed questionnaire but conducted face-to-face)

Question 2

Describe what an unstructured interview is

Answer 2

Interview with no-set questions (like a conversion)
But with a topic/aim

Question 3

strengths of using an unstructured interview

Answer 3

1) more flexibility (however could also be a weakness-see weakness slide)
As: the interviewer can follow up on points

2)Interaction is free-flowing

Question 4

Weaknesses of an unstructured interview

Answer 4

1) interviewer bias
The flexibility could lead to interviewer bias(interview influencing answers)

2)more expensive

As: -More time consuming/
-researchers need training(to ask questions in non-leading way)

Question 5

2 strengths and a weakness of a structured interview

Answer 5

Strength:

1) easier to replicate
Due to the: standardised format

2) high internal validity

As it: doesn’t influence behaviour

Weakness :

1)Limited detail

As: The interviewee is restricted

Question 6

Describe what questionnaires are

Answer 6

pre-set list of written questions

Used to assess thoughts/feelings

Question 7

What is the difference open questionnaire and closed questionnaire?

Answer 7

Open- noo fixed amount of answers
(Respondents can answer in any way).

Closed- fixed amount of answers

Respondents can answer in any way.

Question 8

What type of questions (in a questionnair) usually producers qualitative data(words)

Answer 8

Open questions

Question 9

What type of question (in a questionnaire) usually producers quantitate data

Answer 9

Closed questions

Question 10

A Strength and a weakness of qualitative data (words)

Answer 10

Strength- detailed info
As: gives a wide range of different responses

Weakness-difficult to analyse

Question 11

A Strength and a weakness of quantitative data (numbers)

Answer 11

(visa versa for qualitative data )

Strength- easy to analyse

Weakness-lacks detail

Question 12

What do most interview designs include

Answer 12

Interview schedule - a list of questions that the interviewer intends to cover

Question 13

Why is an interview schedule important and what must it be

Answer 13

It’s important as it reduces the effect of interviewer bias

Must be-standardlised

Question 14

What type of interview is very useful in clinical settings

Answer 14

Group interviews

Question 15

How should one-to-one (normal) interviews be set up
And what are befits of the setting it up like that

Answer 15

1) in a quite room

Benefit - increase likelihood interviewee will open up

2) neutral questions

Benefit- makes interviewee feel comftable

Question 16

List the 5 ways to write good questions in a questionnaire/interview(self-report)

Answer 16

1) don’t overuse jargons(big words/technical words)

2)avoid emotive language (Language used to evoke an emotional response)

3)avoid leading questions

4)avoid double-barrel questions(fortnite poo shotgun)

5)avoid double-negatives

Question 17

Why is it important to avoid leading questions

Answer 17

It decreases interval validity

As: it demands characteristics

Researcher attitude towards a particular topic is clear from how the question is phrased

Question 18

Why is it important to avoid emotive language

Answer 18

It increases interviewer bias

Question 19

What should u use insteed of jargon

Answer 19

Simple questions

Question 20

List the 5 types of sampling

Answer 20

1) random sample

2)systematic sample

3) stratified sample

4)opportunity sampling

5)volunteer sampling

Question 21

What is a sample

Answer 21

Selecting a smaller group of a target population

Sample will be representative of the target population

Question 22

What is a random sample

Answer 22

Where every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected

Question 23

Strength of using random sampling

Answer 23

Most representative sampling method

As: each member has the same probability of being selected

Question 24

What is a weakness of using random sampling

Answer 24

Impractical/not possible

As: some target groups may be too large (to assign numbers)

Question 25

What is a strata

Answer 25

Sub-groups, within the target population

Question 26

What is a stratified sample

Answer 26

Sampling strata( dividing the target group into sup-groups of similar characteristics)

Question 27

Steps of stratified sampling

Answer 27

1) identifying the different strata that make up the target population

2)then, each strata is sampled individually

3) a random sample - selects memebers from each strata

Question 28

A strength of stratified sampling

Answer 28

Representative sample
As: it’s designed to accurately reflect then population.

Question 29

A drawback of using a stratified sample

Answer 29

Takes more time/resources

Question 30

What is systematic sampling

Answer 30

Where every nth member of the target population is selected

Question 31

Strength of using systematic sampling

Answer 31

This sampling method is Objective

As: the researcher has no control who is control when the interval is set

Question 32

A weakness of using systematic sampling(similar to weakness of random sampling)

Answer 32

It’s time consuming

Question 33

What is opportunity sampling

Answer 33

Whoever is available/willing to take part in sample

Question 34

A strength and 2 weaknesses of opportunity sampling

Answer 34

Cost effective:
Quick/ easy

Weaknesses:

1) unrepresentative(of target group)

As:participants are picked from same area

2) researcher bias
As:researcher picks who he wants for the study

Question 35

What is volunteer sampling

Answer 35

Sample of people who have volunteered to be in the study

Question 36

A strength and weakness of using volunteer sampling

Answer 36

Strength:

Cost effective
Easy/quick

Weakness:
1]May be unrepresentative

As: all volunteers may display similar characteristics

2]Volunteer bias-

As:asking for volunteers may attract people
Who are more likely to to try to please the researcher

Question 37

Difference between population and a sample

Answer 37

A population is the entire group that you are making a conclusion about

A sample is the specific/smaller group (of the population)that you will collect the data from