Self Report Techniques/sampling Techniques Flashcards
Describe what a structured interview is
Interview with pre -determined set of questions
(Basically a closed questionnaire but conducted face-to-face)
Describe what an unstructured interview is
Interview with no-set questions (like a conversion)
But with a topic/aim
strengths of using an unstructured interview
1) more flexibility (however could also be a weakness-see weakness slide)
As: the interviewer can follow up on points
2)Interaction is free-flowing
Weaknesses of an unstructured interview
1) interviewer bias
The flexibility could lead to interviewer bias(interview influencing answers)
2)more expensive
As: -More time consuming/
-researchers need training(to ask questions in non-leading way)
2 strengths and a weakness of a structured interview
Strength:
1) easier to replicate
Due to the: standardised format
2) high internal validity
As it: doesn’t influence behaviour
Weakness :
1)Limited detail
As: The interviewee is restricted
Describe what questionnaires are
pre-set list of written questions
Used to assess thoughts/feelings
What is the difference open questionnaire and closed questionnaire?
Open- noo fixed amount of answers
(Respondents can answer in any way).
Closed- fixed amount of answers
Respondents can answer in any way.
What type of questions (in a questionnair) usually producers qualitative data(words)
Open questions
What type of question (in a questionnaire) usually producers quantitate data
Closed questions
A Strength and a weakness of qualitative data (words)
Strength- detailed info
As: gives a wide range of different responses
Weakness-difficult to analyse
A Strength and a weakness of quantitative data (numbers)
(visa versa for qualitative data )
Strength- easy to analyse
Weakness-lacks detail
What do most interview designs include
Interview schedule - a list of questions that the interviewer intends to cover
Why is an interview schedule important and what must it be
It’s important as it reduces the effect of interviewer bias
Must be-standardlised
What type of interview is very useful in clinical settings
Group interviews
How should one-to-one (normal) interviews be set up
And what are befits of the setting it up like that
1) in a quite room
Benefit - increase likelihood interviewee will open up
2) neutral questions
Benefit- makes interviewee feel comftable
List the 5 ways to write good questions in a questionnaire/interview(self-report)
1) don’t overuse jargons(big words/technical words)
2)avoid emotive language (Language used to evoke an emotional response)
3)avoid leading questions
4)avoid double-barrel questions(fortnite poo shotgun)
5)avoid double-negatives
Why is it important to avoid leading questions
It decreases interval validity
As: it demands characteristics
Researcher attitude towards a particular topic is clear from how the question is phrased
Why is it important to avoid emotive language
It increases interviewer bias
What should u use insteed of jargon
Simple questions
List the 5 types of sampling
1) random sample
2)systematic sample
3) stratified sample
4)opportunity sampling
5)volunteer sampling
What is a sample
Selecting a smaller group of a target population
Sample will be representative of the target population
What is a random sample
Where every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected
Strength of using random sampling
Most representative sampling method
As: each member has the same probability of being selected
What is a weakness of using random sampling
Impractical/not possible
As: some target groups may be too large (to assign numbers)
What is a strata
Sub-groups, within the target population
What is a stratified sample
Sampling strata( dividing the target group into sup-groups of similar characteristics)
Steps of stratified sampling
1) identifying the different strata that make up the target population
2)then, each strata is sampled individually
3) a random sample - selects memebers from each strata
A strength of stratified sampling
Representative sample
As: it’s designed to accurately reflect then population.
A drawback of using a stratified sample
Takes more time/resources
What is systematic sampling
Where every nth member of the target population is selected
Strength of using systematic sampling
This sampling method is Objective
As: the researcher has no control who is control when the interval is set
A weakness of using systematic sampling(similar to weakness of random sampling)
It’s time consuming
What is opportunity sampling
Whoever is available/willing to take part in sample
A strength and 2 weaknesses of opportunity sampling
Cost effective:
Quick/ easy
Weaknesses:
1) unrepresentative(of target group)
As:participants are picked from same area
2) researcher bias
As:researcher picks who he wants for the study
What is volunteer sampling
Sample of people who have volunteered to be in the study
A strength and weakness of using volunteer sampling
Strength:
Cost effective
Easy/quick
Weakness:
1]May be unrepresentative
As: all volunteers may display similar characteristics
2]Volunteer bias-
As:asking for volunteers may attract people
Who are more likely to to try to please the researcher
Difference between population and a sample
A population is the entire group that you are making a conclusion about
A sample is the specific/smaller group (of the population)that you will collect the data from
