self report Flashcards
What are open questions in questionnaire construction?
Open questions allow respondents to answer freely, providing rich and detailed data. They require a more thoughtful response and are harder to analyze.
What are closed questions in questionnaire construction?
Closed questions provide fixed responses (e.g., yes/no or multiple-choice), making them easier to analyze but potentially limiting the depth of answers.
What are the strengths of open questions in questionnaires?
Strengths: Provide detailed, rich qualitative data. Allow respondents to express themselves fully and offer new insights.
What are the limitations of open questions in questionnaires?
Limitations: Responses can be time-consuming to analyze and difficult to compare across participants. May lead to vague answers.
What are the strengths of closed questions in questionnaires?
Strengths: Easy to analyze and compare data. Provide quantifiable data and are less time-consuming for participants to answer.
What are the limitations of closed questions in questionnaires?
Limitations: May limit responses to fixed options, leading to less depth in the data. May also introduce response bias if options do not fully capture participants’ views.
What is questionnaire design in self-report techniques?
Questionnaire design refers to the process of constructing questions in a structured format that effectively gathers relevant information from participants.
What are the key considerations in designing a questionnaire?
Key considerations include clarity of language, avoidance of leading or biased questions, a logical flow of questions, and ensuring ethical considerations such as informed consent.
What are structured interviews in self-report techniques?
Structured interviews involve a fixed set of questions that are asked in a specific order, providing standardized responses across participants.
What are unstructured interviews in self-report techniques?
Unstructured interviews are more flexible and open-ended, allowing the interviewer to ask questions based on the direction the conversation takes.
What are the strengths of structured interviews?
Strengths: Provide consistency and standardization, making data easier to analyze. Easier to replicate and reduce interviewer bias.
What are the limitations of structured interviews?
Limitations: May be inflexible, limiting the depth of the responses. The rigid format can miss important information not covered by preset questions.
What are the strengths of unstructured interviews?
Strengths: Provide richer, more detailed responses. Flexibility allows the interviewer to explore areas of interest that emerge during the interview.
What are the limitations of unstructured interviews?
Limitations: More difficult to analyze due to varied responses. Can lead to interviewer bias and a lack of consistency between interviews.
What are self-report techniques?
Self-report techniques involve participants providing information about themselves, usually through questionnaires or interviews.
What is the difference between questionnaires and interviews?
Questionnaires typically provide written questions for participants to answer at their convenience, while interviews involve direct interaction between the researcher and participant.
What are the strengths of questionnaires?
Strengths: Can gather data from a large number of participants quickly. Can be anonymous, encouraging honesty in responses.
What are the limitations of questionnaires?
Limitations: May suffer from low response rates or incomplete responses. Participants may misinterpret questions, leading to inaccurate data.
What are the strengths of interviews?
Strengths: Provide in-depth, qualitative data. The interviewer can clarify questions and explore responses further.
What are the limitations of interviews?
Limitations: Time-consuming and resource-intensive. May be subject to interviewer bias and may lack generalizability if sample size is small.
What are types of questions to avoid in questionnaires?
Avoid double-barreled questions (asking two things at once), leading questions (suggesting a certain answer), and questions that are too vague or complex.
What is jargon in questionnaires, and why should it be avoided?
Jargon refers to specialized language or terminology that may be difficult for participants to understand. It should be avoided to ensure clarity and prevent confusion.
What are extra questions to prevent demand characteristics in questionnaires?
Extra questions that measure the participant’s awareness of the study’s aims or their response patterns (e.g., ‘Do you think the researcher wants you to answer in a certain way?’) can help identify and control for demand characteristics.
What are demand characteristics in self-report techniques?
Demand characteristics refer to cues in an experiment or questionnaire that might influence participants to respond in a way that they believe is expected or desired by the researcher.
What are the strengths of using self-report techniques (questionnaires and interviews)?
Strengths: Provide direct insights into participants’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Can be used to gather large amounts of data quickly (questionnaires) or in-depth insights (interviews).
What are the limitations of using self-report techniques (questionnaires and interviews)?
Limitations: Can be influenced by social desirability bias, where participants provide answers they think are socially acceptable rather than true. Responses may also be inaccurate due to memory recall issues or misunderstanding of questions.
What is social desirability bias in self-report techniques?
Social desirability bias occurs when participants respond in a way they believe is socially acceptable or desirable rather than truthfully, often to avoid judgment or to please the researcher.
What is the impact of social desirability bias on research data?
Social desirability bias can distort the results by leading participants to give responses that do not reflect their true opinions or behaviors, ultimately reducing the validity of the data.
