Self Report Flashcards
Advantages and disadvantages of CLOSED QUESTIONS?
ADV:
- partic. may be more willing to take part, as closed questions are quick and easy to answer.
- quantitative results can be easily summarised, presented, and compared between participants or conditions.
DVNTG:
- question can lack ecological validity due to the forced choices of answers available.
- The researcher is only gathering limited information ( important information may be missed).
- Selected option may not actually represent partic. true answer. (reduced construct validity).
Advantages and disadvantages OPEN QUESTIONS?
ADV:
- proves in-depth qualitative data.
- increased realism, as partic. aren’t limited to answer in a particular way. (increasing eco validity)
DVNTG:
- difficult to compare answer, as data needs to be quantifiable in some way.
- time consuming for partic. to complete and for researchers to analyze. (key themes need to be hinged.
- partic. could go off topic.
Advantages and disadvantages of rating scales?
ADV:
- allows closed questions to be a bit more detailed
DVNTG:
- tendency for partic. to choose the middle number -consistently- to not look extreme.
- vulnerable to response sets
What is the benefit of using a LIKERT SCALES?
- Controls for standard response set because statements/options, are created so that half the statements “agree” represents a positive attitude towards the scenario and for the other half it represents a negative attitude.
Advantages and disadvantages of a structured interview?
ADV:
- Questions are standardized and replicable, meaning that responses are easy to compare. ( internal reliability)
DVNTG:
- Leading questions (reduce validity)
- The interviewer cannot as follow-up questions to gain more information.
Advantages and disadvantages of a Semi-Structured interview?
ADV:
- Allows interviewer to use additional questions to seek clarification/explore, a response
DVNTG:
- Any additional follow-up questions decided on beforehand, may vary between participants -making it difficult to compare (internal reliability)
Advantages and disadvantages of a Unstructured interview?
ADV:
- Allows the interviewer to ask on-the-spot questions, which could be relevant.
DVNTG:
- difficult to compare responses with other participants, as they may have been asked totally different questions (lowering internal reliability).
Advantages and disadvantages of questionnaires?
ADV:
- answers being anonymous reduces any socially desirable responses arising from the fear of being embarrassed.
- can collect a large pool of data by sending to many participants.
- partic. can take more time to consider questions.
DVNTG:
- people may not return questionnaires, leading to a lower response rate than expected.
- people may misunderstand questions. (reduced validity)
Advantages and disadvantages of interviews?
ADV:
- can ask follow-up questions for more detail.
- you can build a report on body language and physical requestions to questions (e.g. facial expressions).
DVNTG:
- can be more time-consuming.
- may not get true answers, due to responses potentially being embarrassing ( social desirability).
How can you reduce the possibility of demand characteristics?
- smokescreen/ filler questions
How can you negate a standard response set?
- reverse some of the statements so that “strongly agree” doesn’t always reflect a positive attitude towards the question.
What is INTERVAL or RATIO data?
- highest level or data
- carefully calibrated measurements of the size gaps between (say) the highest score from the second highest score, the second highest is from the third highest, etc.
- analysis is made on the actual scores of the partic.
What is ORDINAL data?
- medium level
- analysis is made on individual scores achieved, but only in relation to each other (i.e what is analysed is their rank positing within the group, rather than actual scores).
What is NOMINAL data?
- lowest level
- headcount of the number of partic. who do a particular thing as opposed to another.
