Self Regulated Learning

Question 1

Define Self-regulated learning

Answer 1

the learning that takes place from students’ self generated thoughts and behaviors that are systematically oriented toward attainment of their learning goals.

Question 2

What are the processes that self-regulated learning involve?

Answer 2

SRL involves goal-directed activities that students instigate, modify and sustain.

Examples: attending to instruction, processing information, rehearsing, and relating new learning to prior knowledge, believing that one is capable of learning, and establishing productive social relationships and work environments.

Question 3

What is self-regulated learning from an Operant conditioning perspective?

Answer 3

From an operant theory perspective, one decides which behaviors to regulate, establishes discriminative stimuli for their occurrence, evaluates performance according to whether it matches the standard, and administers reinforcement.

Question 4

What are the three Key subprocesses for self-regulated learning from an operant conditioning perspective?

Answer 4

1) self-monitoring
2) self-instruction
3) self-reinforcement

Question 5

What is self-monitoring (Operant perspective)?

Answer 5

Self-monitoring refers to deliberate attention to some aspect of one’s behavior, and often is accompanied by recording its frequency or intensity.

Question 6

What are two important criteria of self-monitoring (operant perspective)?

Answer 6

Two important self-monitoring criteria are Regularity and Proximity.

Regularity - observe behavior regularly NOT intermittently.

Proximity - observe behavior close in time to when the behavior occurred and NOT at the end of the day.

Regularity and Proximity will lead to more accurate accounts of observed behavior since you will have an accurate account of consistency with regularity and an accurate account of behavior with proximity.

Question 7

What is self-instruction (Operant perspective)?

Answer 7

Self-instruction refers to the discriminative stimuli that set the occasion for self-regulatory responses.

Laymans terms: it is what the learner says or does to “instruct” themselves into a behavior.

Examples: Writing a note to review class notes before the next class. Verbalization of the steps to take before starting an exam.

Question 8

What is self-reinforcement (Operant perspective)?

Answer 8

Self-reinforcement is the process whereby people provide themselves with reinforcement that is contingent on performing a response, and the reinforcement increases the likelihood of future responses.

Question 9

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Answer 9

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Question 10

Describe SRL or Metacognitive awareness from an Information processing perspective.

Answer 10

Metacognitive awareness includes knowledge of the task (what is to be learned, when, and how it is to be learned), as well as self-knowledge of personal capabilities, interests, and attitudes.

Whereas, Self-regulated learning requires learners to have knowledge about task demands, personal qualities, and strategies for completing the task.

Question 11

What are control processes (Information Processing)?

Answer 11

They are self-regulatory (metacognitive) activities under the learners’ control. They facilitate processing and movement through the information processing system.

Question 12

What is the basic unit of self-regulation and what does it do (information processing)?

Answer 12

An example is the problem-solving production system. In which the problem is to reach the goal and the monitoring serves to ascertain whether the learner is making progress (Anderson, 1990).

Basically, there is a goal trying to reach and the learner compares what they understand at the moment to what the goal is and makes changes if they are not meeting the goal.

Question 13

What are two central features of self-regulated learning (meta-cognition) for information processing?

Answer 13

1) Comparisons of present activity (knowledge) against standards (goal)
2) Having and taking steps to resolve discrepancies between the current state and standard.

Question 14

What is meant by learning strategies in self-regulated learning (information processing)?

Answer 14

Learning strategies are cognitive plans oriented toward successful task performance.

Examples: selecting and organizing information, rehearsing material to be learned, relating new material to prior knowledge, and enhancing meaningfulness of material.

Question 15

What are learning strategies that assist encoding in information processing?

Answer 15

1) Rehearsal - I use. Ex. These note cards.
2) Underlining - I use. Ex. All my readings.
3) Summarizing - I use. My definitions (laymans terms)
4) Elaboration - I use. Ex. Writing examples.
a. Imagery - I use. Ex. Snowglobe for bronfenbrenner.
b. Mnemonics - I do not use.
c. Acronyms - I do not use.
d. Questioning - I use. Question what the author is saying all the time.
e. Note-taking - I use. I constantly take notes to paraphrase or add comments.
5) Method of Loci - I do not use. relate what you learn to location.
6) Organization - I use.
a. Outlining - is used in this definition with my numbers and alphabet organization.
b. Mapping - is used in this definition by moving a - e under elaboration.

Question 16

What is meant by comprehension monitoring in self-regulated learning (information processing)?

Answer 16

Comprehension monitoring helps learners determine if they are properly applying declarative or procedural knowledge to be learned material, evaluate whether they understand the material, decide if the strategy being used is effective or whether a better strategy is needed, and know why a better strategy use will improve learning.

Examples of comprehension monitoring: self-questioning, rereading, checking consistencies, and paraphrasing.

Question 17

What is self-regulation from a developmental theory perspective?

Answer 17

Self-regulation is the progressive cognitive change in learners that allow them to exert control over their thoughts, feelings, and actions.

It involves beginning and ending actions, altering the frequency and intensity of verbal and motor acts, delaying action on a goal, and acting in socially approved ways.

Question 18

How does self-regulation develop (developmental perspective)?

Answer 18

Schunk & Zimmermin (1997) posit that self-regulation develops from social sources and shifts to self sources in a series of levels. There are four levels of self-regulatory development.

Question 19

What are the four levels of self-regulatory development (developmental perspective)?

Answer 19

1) Observation
2) Emulation
3) Self-control
4) Self-regulation

Question 20

What is the first level of self-regulatory development (developmental perspective); and how does it develop?

Answer 20

The first level is observation which is where a child observes a “teacher” in order to acquire knowledge of learning skills.

Question 21

What is the second level of self-regulatory development (developmental perspective); and how does it develop?

Answer 21

The second level is Emulation which is where the child uses the skills learned during observation.

Question 22

What is the third level of self-regulatory development (developmental perspective); and how does it develop?

Answer 22

The third level is Self-control which is where the child internalizes the skills observed and is able to use the learned skills independently on transfer tasks. However, the child can not use the tasks without minor “prompting.”

Question 23

What is the fourth level of self-regulatory development (developmental perspective); and how does it develop?

Answer 23

The fourth level is self-regulation which is where the child can use the internalized skills which were learned during observation adaptively. That is, the child no longer needs to be prompted to use a learning strategy to solve a problem or independently learn.