self harm, OCD, EDs + psychosis Flashcards
what is compulsions?
the expereince of overwhleming urges to repate a behaviour, perhaps even in the knowledge that it is harmful. Presents in numerous disorders
how can anxiety disorder be conceptualised?
a self-perpetuating network of positive feedback loops arising from repsonses which are evoluntionary useful
who usually does non-suicidal self injury?
ppl with low self-worth and persistent distress
why do ppl do non suicidal self injury?
reduces distress, gives them temporary relief
what is OCD?
negative reinforcement driven by the distress caused by the intrusive thoughts and cemented by habit-formation, are central to compulsion in OCD
what are the 4 standard anti-depressants/anti-anxiety medications?
setraline, escitalopram, venlafaxine, mirtazapine
which anti-depressant has the side effect of weight gain?
mirtazapine
what are some symptoms of eating disorders?
- restriction of diet
- purging
- episodes of laxative abuse
- excessive exercise
how can eating disorders be conceptualised?
means of reducing intense distress, particularly feelings of loss of control
what is madness?
people who hear voices/disorganised behavour/formal thought disorder are considered differently to ohter mental illnesses and are seen as less relatable
which mental health condition is seen differently to the others?
madness
what are the causes of madness?
- psychosis - schizophrenia, mania, depression
- personality disorders
- dementia
- encephalopathy - brain injuries
- delirium- drugs, infection, endocrine
lots of causes
what 3 things is psychosis charcterised by?
- hallucinations
- delusions
- thought disorders
what term can psychosis be seen as to make it more understandable?
reality failure
what is reality failure
group of pathologies which disrupt the process of perceiving and interpreting reality
does psychosis represent a large group of different disease processes or just one?
large group
what are auditory verbal hallucinations?
thought/internal monologues that you hear outside of your head ( voices are external)
if you have auditory verbal hallucinations, does that make you mad?
No, roughly 5% of people hear things, but are still healthy as the thoughts don’t impact their day to day lives. Partially due to cultural beliefs too
what are delusions?
fixed, false, unshakeable beliefs, out of context with cultural background
what are the 3 groups of symptoms schizophrenics can have?
- postitive symptoms
- negative symptoms
- disorganised symptoms
what are some positive symptoms a px with schizophrenia might have?
- hallucinations
- delusions (can be persecutory or grandiose)
what are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia
- anhedonia
- apathy
- social withdrawal
- blunted mood
what are some disorganised symptoms of schizophrenia
- thought disorder
- disorganised speech
- inappropriate effect
is there a significant genetic component of schizophrenia?
yes, around 80% heritability
