Self and Non-self

Question 1

What is the response to antigen and the ‘deficient’ response to an infectious agent?

Answer 1

Ag - protective immunity

Deficient - recurrent infection

Question 2

What is the response to antigen and the ‘deficient’ response to an innocuous substance?

Answer 2

Ag - allergy

Deficient - rejection

Question 3

What is the response to antigen and the ‘deficient’ response to an organ graft?

Answer 3

Ag - Rejection

Deficient - acceptance

Question 4

What is the response to antigen and the ‘deficient’ response to a self organ?

Answer 4

Ag - autoimmunity

Deficient - self-tolerance

Question 5

What is the response to antigen and the ‘deficient’ response to a tumour?

Answer 5

Ag - tumour rejection

Deficient - cancer

Question 6

What are some examples of autoimmunity?

Answer 6

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Pernicious anaemia
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Question 7

What occurs in hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

Answer 7

Antibodies and cytotoxic cells destroy thyroid tissue and thyroid hormones

Question 8

What occurs pernicious anaema?

Answer 8

Antibodies damage to parietal cells

Compromised vitamin B12 absorption

Question 9

What occurs in SLE?

Answer 9

Antibodies against DNA and nuclear antigens
Immune complexes lodge in kidneys, joints, skin
Complement-mediated tissue damage

Question 10

What are some effector lymphocytes?

Answer 10

• Ab productions (B Cells)
• Antigen-specific cytotoxicity (CD8 T Cells)
• Natural killer activity (NK Cells)
• Antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity - ADCC (K Cells)

Question 11

What are some regulator lymphocytes?

Answer 11

- Cytokine production (CD4 T Cells)
Including:
Th1 - inflammatory
Th2 - antibody
Regulatory T - down-regulation

Question 12

What transduction molecule do B cells use to detect antigen?

Answer 12

CD79 transduction molecules which are by sIg

Question 13

What transduction molecule does T T cells use to detect presented antigen?

Answer 13

CD3 transduction molecules around TCR

Question 14

What results from antigen recognition?

Answer 14

• proliferation and differentiation
• effector functions (Ab production, cytotoxicity, inflammation)
• recruitment of non-specific effectors
• redistribution
• immunological memory

Question 15

What controls the immune systems responsiveness?

Answer 15

Cellular receptivity:
- type of receptor (Ig, TCR, NK), Ag type (protein, carb), route of Ag exposure
Presentation and recognition:
- MHC presentation, likeness to self-Ag
Hormonal requirements:
-Autocrine, paracrine, endocrine

Question 16

Protein epitopes recognised by Ab and T Cells are…`

Answer 16

T cells recognise linear epitopes.

Abs recognise assembles (conformational) epitopes

Question 17

APC in the skin

Answer 17

Langerhans cells, transport to regional lymph nodes

Question 18

APC in the lungs

Answer 18

Alveolar macrophages, transport to the spleen or lymph nodes

Question 19

APC in the liver

Answer 19

Kupffer cells, transport to the spleen or lymph nodes

Question 20

APC in the blood

Answer 20

Monocytes, transport to the spleen or lymph nodes

Question 21

APC in the gut

Answer 21

Epithelial macrophage cells, transport to Peyer’s patches

Question 22

APC functions

Answer 22

• antigen collection and transportation
• antigen concentration
• antigen processing
• antigen presentation
• co-stimulation (surface molecules, pro-inflamm cytokines)
• tolerance induction