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sociology media topic 4 - selection and presentation of the news > selection and presentation of the news > Flashcards

selection and presentation of the news Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Up to the 1990s what was the main source if the news in the UK?

A

Tabloid and broadsheet newspapers and radios

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2
Q

What did the 21st century see a rise of ?

A

24 hour satellite news channels , specialist news sites , and news on social media sites such as Facebook and news blogs

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3
Q

According to Ofcom in 2014 what platform was most used to gain news ?

A

75% of people indicated that TV news was their most used platform for news

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4
Q

How many young people use internet and apps for news ?

A

60%

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5
Q

Who did the 2014 Ofcom report find the most popular source on the web ?

A

BBC news with 60% market share

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6
Q

What percentage of UK population from 2005 Ofcom report believe that the news should be impartial ?

A

94%

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7
Q

According to Ofcom 2005 report how many people saw newspapers as trusted sources of news and why?

A

7% due to them acting as cheerleaders for political ideologies

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8
Q

What does McQuail 1992 argue about social construction of the news?

A

Argues that not all events can become news as there are simply too many of them as what becomes news is a result of social processes of gatekeepers such as owners, editors and journalists who make judgements about what is important enough to report

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9
Q

What does Spencer-Thomas 2008 define news values as ?

A

News values are general guidelines that determine the worth of a news story and how much prominence it is given by newspapers or broadcast media

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10
Q

What is extraordinariness ?

A

Rare, unpredictable events that are extra ordinary

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11
Q

What is threshold ?

A

Bigger side of event, more likely it will be nationally reported

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12
Q

What is unambiguity?

A

Events that are easy to grasp are more likely to be reported

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13
Q

What is reference to elite persons ?

A

Famous and powerful are seen as more news worthy

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14
Q

What is reference to elite nations ?

A

Relates to cultural proximity stories about people who speak the same language, look the same , and share same cultural values

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15
Q

What is personalization?

A

Referring to prominent individual or celebrity associated

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16
Q

What is frequency ?

A

Sudden, shocking events get more coverage than events which occur over time

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17
Q

What is continuity ?

A

Once a story has become news it may be covered for some time, news teams already in place to report story , makes story more accessible to party

18
Q

What is negativity ?

A

Bad news regarded by journalists as more exciting and dramatic than good news is seen as bigger audience

19
Q

What is composition ?

A

News outlets try to balance the good and bad news

20
Q

What did Harcup and ONeill 2001 do ?

A

Updated the list in their study of British Newspapers and included values such as power elite and relevance which suggests the continued relevance of news values

21
Q

How would Postmodernists criticize news values ?

A

The idea of news values assumes a consensus exist among audience and journalists about what is newsworthy but Postmodernists would argue that because of diversity of both the media and its audience this is unlikely

22
Q

How would marxists criticize News values ? AO3

A

Marxists would say news values are not neutral or objective criteria about what people are interested in, but actually reflect class interests. For example, stories about the royal family are mainly positive and reflect idea that some people are naturally deserving of power, wealth and authority

23
Q

What is churnalism ?

A

Journalists churn out stories by giving them to spin doctors or celebrity PR companies

24
Q

What percentage does Davies say that stories in tabloid newspapers come from sources such as spin doctors and PR companies ?

A

80%

25
Q

What are spin doctors ?

A

Spokesperson employed to give a favorable interpretation of events to media and use their influence to steer news coverage in favor of government goals

26
Q

What does Phillips say about re writing others stories ?

A

Journalists increasingly rely on others stories, rewrite attitudes from other sources or using quotes from blogs which gives less choice to consumers as news sites copy each other

27
Q

What is citizen journalism ?

A

Any one person who posts a story or photograph on mainstream news site

28
Q

What is an example of citizen journalism ?

A

The Paris 2015 attacks

29
Q

What are strengths of Citizen journalism ? AO3

A

1) It allows every citizen to be a reporter or have his or her voice heard
2) Citizen journalism are not constrained by any system of news values that prevent certain facts coming to light
3) It can it improves democratic process
4) Useful for monitoring those in power and authority because of whistle blowing potential
5) Improves knowledge where journalists connor react e.g Arab Springs

30
Q

What are criticisms of citizen journalism ? AO3

A

1) Citizen journalism offers up opinion as fact as there are rumors and innuendos
2) Citizen journalism is a product of narrow / privledged part society as the poor are less likely to be citizen journalists
3) Requires education, technical skills, money, time
4) Media companies who decide what photos are used in the news so they still control the media

31
Q

What evidence is there that Journalists are independent voices who research their own stories ?

A

1) Journalists are free to ignore the attempts of politicians to control what they publish so they have freedom to choose which stories to cover
2) Journalists can still reject spin doctors as pluralists would say journalists are too professional to be biased or see bias so they can recognize when it is spun for political purposes

32
Q

What evidence is there that churnalists passively accept news stories from political spin doctors ?

A

1) Only trusted journalists that agree with political ideas are invited to PR events, even fewer are asked to speak
2) In the spin room, journalists are given quotes from politicians as they do not criticize or question them

33
Q

What contraints do News organisations have to consider ?

A

Costs, deadlines, space available

34
Q

How do financial costs impacts on the selection and presentation of the news ?

A

Infotainment where entertainment is more important than information as it makes more money for the News as audience are more interested in it

35
Q

How does Williams 2010 say financial costs impacts on the selection and presentation of the news ?

A

Cost cutting effects newspapers and investigative journalism as it is reduced to digging up dirt and revealing secrets about private life of royals, MPs, footballers

36
Q

How does Franklin 1997 say financial costs impacts on the selection and presentation of the news ?

A

Entertainment has now superseded actual information in construction of the news, both in newspapers and on TV

37
Q

How can we criticize financial costs impacts on the selection and presentation of the news ? AO3

A

Journalists who are engaged with attempts to expose unacceptable fate of capitalism

38
Q

How do time or space available impact the selection and presentation of the news ?

A

If item can’t be covered in less than 5 mins it is unlikely to be included
BBC news 15 items in 25 minutes

39
Q

How do deadlines impact on the selection and presentation of the news ?

A

Tv news has advantage over newspapers because it can report news as it happens as it did in 2001 when World Trade Center in New York was hit by the planes
Newspapers have deadlines by 10pm so need to be more detailed and analytical than most TV news coverage

40
Q

How do immediacy and actuality impacts the selection and presentation of the news ?

A

Events more likely to be reported on TV if they can be accompanied by live footage
Recent technology have helped BBC news create immediacy as there is footage of live news

41
Q

How does the audience impact the selection and presentation of the news ?

A

The sun is aimed at WC and used simple language
The guardian is aimed at UC and used complex language
Content covered in the day aimed at stay at home parents

sociology media topic 4 - selection and presentation of the news (1 decks)

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