Selection

Question 1

sequence

Answer 1

a list of commands executed one after another, they are executed in the order in which they are placed within the program

Question 2

selection

Answer 2

execution of one set of comments if some criterion is true, or another set if the criterion is false

Question 3

repetition (loop)

Answer 3

a group of statements is repeated multiple times

Question 4

invocation

Answer 4

a group of statements is invoked (by a call) at any place in the program to another program or sub- program

Question 5

relational operators

Answer 5

make comparisons; results in ‘true’ (1) or ‘false’ (0)

Question 6

logical operators

Answer 6

combine comparisons to make compound conditions

Question 7

list of relational operators

Answer 7

< less than
= greater than or equal to
> greater than
== equal to 
~= not equal

Question 8

logical operators

Answer 8

& and
| or
~ not

Question 9

short-circuit

Answer 9

The second operand is evaluated only when the result is not fully determined by the first operand; it will “short circuit” past the second operand if the first one works

Question 10

&&

Answer 10

means and, DOES short circuit

Question 11

|

Answer 11

means or, DOES short circuit

Question 12

if

end

Answer 12

form:
if comparison
     statements
end
if the comparison evaluates to true, carry out statements. if the comparison evaluates to false, skip statements and continue

Question 13

if
else
end

Answer 13

carries out an alternate set of statements (else) if the first comparison (if) evaluates to false
if comparison
   statements
else
   statements
end

Question 14

if
elseif
else
end

Answer 14

for more complex situations with multiple selection criteria:
if comparison
   statements
elseif comparison
   statements
else
   statements
end

Question 15

switch/case

Answer 15

allows choice between multiple criteria which must be exactly true
switch variable
case option1, option1
statements if variable==option1, option2
…
case otherwise
statements executed if variable ~= any option
end
NOTE: once a true has been found, other cases are not evaluated.

Question 16

try/catch

Answer 16

designed to trap errors 
try
    code block
catch
    code block 
end
if an error occurs in the try block, the program does not quit but runs the catch block instead

Question 17

menu

Answer 17

used with switch/case structure
causes a menu box to appear on the screen with a series of predefined buttons
this means only desired actions may be selected; the otherwise function of the switch/case structure isn’t necessary

Question 18

pseudo code

Answer 18

verbal description of planning code

a set of comments describing steps taken to solve a problem/ carry out a code

Question 19

flow chart

Answer 19

graphical approach to planning code

oval: beginning of section of code
parallelogram: input or output; user interaction with program
diamond: decision point
rectangle: calculations

Question 20

find( )

Answer 20

searches a matrix and identifies which elements in the matrix meet a given criteria
NOTE: find returns index numbers of the elements found; their positions, NOT their values