Selected Cytokines, Characteristics, and Current and Potential Therapeutic Applications

Question 1

Primary cell source of EPO

Answer 1

Kidney (peritubular interstitial cell)

Question 2

Primary target cell of EPO

Answer 2

Bone marrow erythroid progenitors (BFU-E and CFU-E)

Question 3

Biologic activity of EPO

Answer 3

Simulates proliferation of erythroid progenitors and prevents apoptosis of CFU-E

Question 4

Current/Potential therapy application of EPO

Answer 4

Anemia of chronic renal disease (in predialysis, dialysis dependent, and chronic anemia patients)
Treatment of anemia in cancer patients on chemotherapy
Autologous predonation blood collection
Anemia in HIV infection to permit use of zidovudine (AZT)
Post autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Question 5

Primary cell source of G-CSF

Answer 5

Endothelial cells
Placenta
Monocytes
Macrophages

Question 6

Primary target cell of G-CSF

Answer 6

Neutrophil precursors
Fibroblasts
Leukemic myeloblasts

Question 7

Biologic activity of G-CSF

Answer 7

Stimulates granulocyte colonies
Differentiation of progenitors toward neutrophil lineage
Stimulation of neutrophil maturation

Question 8

Current/Potential therapy application of G-CSF

Answer 8

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia
Stem cell mobilization
Peripheral blood/bone marrow transplantation
Congenital neutropenia
Idiopathic neutropenia
Cyclic neutropenia

Question 9

Primary cell source of GM-CSF

Answer 9

T cells
Macrophages
Endothelial cells
Fibroblasts
Mast cells

Question 10

Primary target cell of GM-CSF

Answer 10

Bone marrow progenitor cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
NKT cells

Question 11

Biologic activity of GM-CSF

Answer 11

Promotes antigen presentation
T cell homeostasis
Hematopoietic cell growth factor

Question 12

Current/Potential therapy application of GM-CSF

Answer 12

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia
Stem cell mobilization
Peripheral blood/bone marrow transplantation
Leukemia treatment

Question 13

Primary cell source of IL-2

Answer 13

CD4+ T cells
NK cells
B cells

Question 14

Primary target cell of IL-2

Answer 14

T cells
NK cells
B cells
Monocytes

Question 15

Biologic activity of IL-2

Answer 15

Cell growth/activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells
Suppress T-reg responses
Mediator of immune tolerance

Question 16

Current/Potential therapy application of IL-2

Answer 16

Metastatic melanoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Asthma

Question 17

Primary cell source of IL-3

Answer 17

Activated T cells
NK cells

Question 18

Primary target cell of IL-3

Answer 18

Hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors

Question 19

Biologic activity of IL-3

Answer 19

Proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors

Question 20

Current/Potential therapy application of IL-3

Answer 20

Stem cell mobilization
Postchemotherapy/transplantation
Bone marrow failure states

Question 21

Primary cell source of IL-6

Answer 21

T cells
Macrophages
Fibroblasts

Question 22

Primary target cell of IL-6

Answer 22

T cells
B cells
Liver

Question 23

Biologic activity of IL-6

Answer 23

Costimulation with other cytokines
Cell growth/activation of T cells and B cells
Megakaryocyte maturation
Neural differentiation
Acute phase reactant

Question 24

Current/Potential therapy application of IL-6

Answer 24

Stimulation of platelet production, but not at tolerable doses
Melanoma
Renal cell carcinoma
IL-6 inhibitors may be promising

Question 25

Primary cell source of IL-10

Answer 25

CD4+, Th2 T cells CD8+ T cells Monocytes Macrophages

Question 26

Primary target cell of IL-10

Answer 26

T cells Macrophages

Question 27

Biologic activity of IL-10

Answer 27

Inhibits cytokine production Inhibits macrophages

Question 28

Current/Potential therapy application of IL-10

Answer 28

Target lymphokines in prevention of B cell lymphoma and Epstein-Barr virus lymphomagenesis HIV infection

Question 29

Primary cell source of IL-12

Answer 29

Macrophages

Question 30

Primary target cell of IL-12

Answer 30

T cells

Question 31

Biologic activity of IL-12

Answer 31

T cell, Th1 differentiation

Question 32

Current/Potential therapy application of IL-12

Answer 32

Allergy treatment Adjuvant for infectious disease therapy Asthma Possible role for use in vaccines

Question 33

Primary cell source of IL-15

Answer 33

Activated CD4+ T cells

Question 34

Primary target cell of IL-15

Answer 34

CD4+ T cells CD8+ T cells NK cells

Question 35

Biologic activity of IL-15

Answer 35

CD4+/CD8+ T cell proliferation CD8+/NK cell cytotoxicity

Question 36

Current/Potential therapy application of IL-15

Answer 36

Melanoma Rheumatoid arthritis Adoptive cell therapy Generation of antigen-specific T cells

Question 37

Primary cell source of IFN-a

Answer 37

Dendritic cells NK cells T cells B cells Macrophages Fibroblasts Endothelial cells Osteoblasts

Question 38

Primary target cell of IFN-a

Answer 38

Macrophages NK cells

Question 39

Biologic activity of IFN-a

Answer 39

Antiviral Enhances MHC expression

Question 40

Current/Potential therapy application of IFN-a

Answer 40

Adjuvant treatment for stage II/III melanoma Hematologic malignancies: Kaposi sarcoma, hairy cell leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia