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Year 3 Radiography > Selction criteria > Flashcards

Selction criteria Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

how to justify taking radiographs

A

is it going to change diagnosis/management of pt

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2
Q

5 reasons to take x rays

A
  • pathology affecting tooth or supporting structures
  • require knowledge of root or pulpal morphology
  • unerupted teeth present
  • screening for caries
  • localisation of teeth/foreign bodies
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3
Q

name 3 intraoral views

A

bitewings
periapicals
occlusal views

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4
Q

name 2 extra oral views

A

dpt/oblique lateral view

lateral cephalometric view

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5
Q

5 indications of bitewings

A
  • caries detection
  • caries monitoring
  • assessing restorations
  • vertical bitewing –> perio pockets up to 6mm
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6
Q

what type of caries are bitewings most useful for

A

interdental, not clinically evident

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7
Q

by how much do posterior bitewings improve caries diagnosis

A

x4

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8
Q

2 problem of using x rays to diagnose caries

A
  • requires 50% demineralisation (so caries always bigger than on x ray)
  • need good contrast between enamel and dentine
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9
Q

how to get good contrast on x ray

A

lower kV

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10
Q

when is less contrast needed for bitewings

A

assessing perio pockets (so higher kV)

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11
Q

european association for paediatric dentistry guidelines of bitewing frequency

A

only is necessary for adequate tx

  • 5yo
  • 8-9yo
  • 12-14yo (after eruption of premolars and 2nd molars)
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12
Q

intervals between bitewings for pt with

a) low caries risk
b) high caries risk

A

a) low caries risk: 3 yrs

b) high caries risk:1 year

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13
Q

4 uses of periapical radiographs

A
  • root/pulpal pathology or development
  • extent of crown pathology in anterior teeth
  • assessment of apical pathology
  • assessment of local anatomy including tooth development
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14
Q

2 techniques of periapicals and which is better

A
  • long cone paralleling (better)

- bisecting angle(worse, pt can move film in the mouth, difficult to align)

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15
Q

5 types of occlusal radiographs

A
  • upper standard (nasal occlusal, large bisected angle periapical)
  • upper oblique occlusal
  • lower 90 degree occlusal
  • lower 45 degree occlusal (large bisected angle periapical)
  • lower oblique occlusal
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16
Q

4 reasons to use upper standard occlusal

A
  • unable to take periapical view
  • trauma (pt cannot take film in mouth)
  • palatal pathology
  • 2nd view to aid localisation of canines
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17
Q

2 reasons to use upper oblique occlusal

A
  • unable to take periapical or bitewing

- provide view from different angle

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18
Q

4 reasons to use lower 90 degree occlusal

A
  • salivary calculi (lower exposure)
  • fracture of anterior mandible
  • bucco-lingual expansion of cortical bone
  • localisation
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19
Q

3 reasons to take lower 45 degree occlusal

Study These Flashcards
A
  • unable to take periapical
  • lesion too large to visualise on intraoral
  • anterior fracture of mandible
20
Q

2 reasons to use lower oblique occlusal

Study These Flashcards
A
  • cannot tolerate periapical

- imaging submandibular gland

21
Q

can x rays diagnose perio? explain

Study These Flashcards
A

no. must do clinical examination (eg 6pppc)

22
Q

4 uses of radiographs in perio

Study These Flashcards
A
  • assess bone loss/furcation
  • determine presence of causative factors
  • assist in treatment planning
  • evaluate tx
23
Q

guidelines for which radiographs to use for which pocket depth in perio

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 4-5mm pocket (BPE 3): horizontal bitewings
  • 6mm+ pockets (BPE4): vertical bitewings/paralleling technique periapicals
  • irregular pocketing: bitewings (horizontal/vertical) and paralleling technique periapicals
24
Q

2 reasons why periapicals are better than DPT perio

Study These Flashcards
A
  • DPT shows all teeth BUT distorts level of bone

- periapical (even full mouth) has lower dose

25
type of x ray used if perio/endo lesion suspected
paralleling technique periapical
26
when/what to radiograph for endo
- pre-op: periapical to determine working lengths - prior to condensation of GP if doubt in integrity of apical construction - immediately following obturation (baseline and quality) - asymptomatic teeth: 1yr and 4yrs after tx
27
when you may need to retake radiograph for endo
if preset file is >2mm from radiographic apex
28
when to radiograph with trauma
- all but minor trauma | - review radiographs (depending on damage)
29
when to take DPT with trauma and why
mandibular fracture and additional supporting views (need bucco-lingual view to assess displacement)
30
average amount of filled teeth in UK dentate adult
7
31
% adults with at least 1 crown
34%
32
% adults with >6 crowns
5%
33
when/what to take radiographs with cons
periapical (using beam aiming device) before any crown/bridge/denture prep
34
guidance for follow up radiographs of crowned teeth
based on clinical judgement | use posterior bitewings
35
when to use DPT 7
- prior to dental surgery under GA (eg tumour removal) - where bony lesion/unerupted tooth is of a size/position which precludes its complete demonstration on intraoral radiographs (eg too posterior) - prior to clearance/multiple extractions where clinical decision to remove teeth has already been made (eg bc teeth are wobbly) - ortho assessment - trauma - as part of assessment of periodontal bone support where pockets >6mm and no other radiographs available - implant assessment
36
when may oblique lateral radiography be used
- when pt cannot tolerate intraorals, eg special needs/ children - TMJ dysfunction (if history of trauma/unusual symptoms, otherwise clinical diagnosis is fine) - assessment of condylar head
37
when to use DPT screening
NEVER. too high dose
38
4 uses of lat ceph radiographs
- assess skeletal pattern - angulation of incisors - orthognathic surgical planning - lat ceph tracings (measures discrepancies/skeletal profile)
39
when to use skull views
assess trauma to mandible
40
what x rays to use for complicated/severe skull fractures and why
CT scan. can see bone and soft tissue (brain)
41
when is ultrasound used
head/neck lumps | salivary gland disease
42
pros/cons of ultrasound
safe, quick, effective BUT v operator dependent
43
when to use sialography
obstructive salivary gland disease to demonstrate strictures and stone mobility
44
when to use MRI
soft tissue lesions eg salivary tumours/cancer of head and neck
45
when to use nuclear medicine
(rare) TMJ hyperplasia
46
how nuclear medicine works
radioisotopes injected --> gamma camera detects radioactivity eg areas of high bone turnover

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