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neurology > seizures/sleep > Flashcards

seizures/sleep Flashcards

1
Q

Unconsciousness
Convulsions
Muscle rigidity

A

Grand Mal Seizure

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2
Q

Brief loss of consciousness

A

Absence Seizure

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3
Q

Repetitive jerking movements

A

Clonic Seizure

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4
Q

Sporadic jerking movements

A

Myoclonic Seizure

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5
Q

Muscle stiffness

Rigidity

A

Tonic Seizure

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6
Q

Loss of muscle tone

A

Atonic Seizure

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7
Q

Seizure spreads from distal limb to ipsilateral face.

A

Jacksonian march

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8
Q

Jacksonian march

A

Seizure spreads from distal limb to ipsilateral face.

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9
Q

Jerking, muscle rigidity, spasms, head-turning

Unusual sensations affecting vision, hearing, smell, taste or touch

A

simple partial seizure

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10
Q

Lip smacking, chewing fidgeting, walking and other repetitive, involuntary but coordinated movements
An aurora is often present
Involves the temporal lobe

A

Complex partial seizure

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11
Q

Electroencephalogram –helps determine ___
Generalized seizures
Simple partial seizure
Complex partial seizure

A

Electroencephalogram –helps determine the type of seizure
Generalized seizures – generalized spikes and slow waves
Simple partial seizure – focal rhythmic discharges may be present
Complex partial seizure – interictal spikes with slow waves

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12
Q
  • generalized spikes and slow waves
  • focal rhythmic discharges may be present
  • interictal spikes with slow waves
A

Generalized seizures – generalized spikes and slow waves
Simple partial seizure – focal rhythmic discharges may be present
Complex partial seizure – interictal spikes with slow waves

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13
Q 
Midazolam
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Valproate
Phenobarbital
A

Anticonvulsants

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14
Q

Status epilepticus

A

A life-threatening neurologic disorder defined as 5 minutes or more of a continuous seizure activity or several clinical seizures without return to baseline in between

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15
Q

Treatment Status epilepticus
Medications
What are first line?
Other 3

A

Benzodiazepines are first line- Diazepam, Lorazepam, Midazolam
Anticonvulsant agents – Phenytoin, Fosphenytoin
Barbiturates – Phenobarbital
Anesthetics – Propofol

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16
Q

med for absence seizures

A

ethosuximide or valproic acid

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17
Q

IV tx for seizures

A

Diazepam or lorazepam IV till seizure stops; loading dose of phenytoin or fosphenyntoin also given

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18
Q

Which type of seizure is associated with generalized spikes and slow waves?

A

Generalized seizure

19
Q

What is the first line treatment for a patient in status epilepticus?

A

Barbiturates – Diazepam

20
Q

Does the term tonic refer to jerking movements or muscle stiffness?

A

muscle stiffness

21
Q

In the event of syncope, …

A

position the patient on the ground, with the legs slightly elevated or leaning forward, head between the knees for 10 to 15 minutes

22
Q

status epilepticus- rapid tx of potential etiologies

A

thiamine followed by glucose and naloxone

23
Q

non REM stages

A

4 stages; 3 and 4 are termed delta sleep

24
Q

depression and sleep

A

fragmented sleep, decreased total sleep time, quicker onset of REM and a shift of REM to earlier in the night

25
Q

manic d/o and sleep

A

total sleep time is decreased with a shortened REM latency and increased REM activity

26
Q

hypersomnia

- kind of pts

A

excessive daytime sleepiness

sleep apnea, narcolepsy, nocturnal myoclonus

27
Q

parasomnia

A

abnormal sleep behaviors during sleep; sleep terrors, nightmares, sleep walking, enuresis

28
Q

nightmares occur when

A

REM

29
Q

sleep terrors happen when

A

stage 3 and 4 delta sleep

30
Q

sleepwalking occurs when

A

stage 3 and 4 delta sleep in the first third of night and with REM sleep later in the night

31
Q

childhood enuresis occurs when

A

3-4 hrs of bedtime but not limited to a particular stage of sleep

32
Q

important factors in a history with sleep disorders

A

depression, alcohol abuse, heavy smoking, inappropriate use of sedatives or stimulants, uremia, asthma, hypothyridism

33
Q

dextroamphetamine and modafinil

A

stimulant for narcolepsy

34
Q

nocturnal myoclonus tx

A

clonazepam

35
Q

sleep terror and sleepwalking tx

A

benzo

36
Q

epileptogenic focus

A

partial seizure

37
Q

3 second spike and wave discharge

A

childhood absence epilepsy

38
Q

10 Hz activity during __ phase and slow waves during ___ phase

A

tonic

clonic

39
Q

increase in slow frequency rhythms and/or loss of nml higher frequency rhythms

A

focal non-epileptiform seizure

40
Q

generalized spikes and associated slow waves

A

non convulsive generalized seizure

41
Q

rhythmic discharge with slow onset; nml ictally

A

simple seizure

42
Q

fast, synchronus potentials in large number of neurons in somewhat discrete part of brain

A

focal epileptiform seizure

43
Q

diffuse abnormally slow rhythms or bilateral slowing of normal rhythm

A

diffuse non-epileptiform seizure

44
Q

diffuse alpha waves, non responsive to external stimuli

A

coma

neurology (10 decks)

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