Seizures in Cats - JFMS Article Flashcards
What percentage of cats with seizures are considered idiopathic epileptics?
Between 21% and 59% of cats with seizures are idiopathic epileptics.
What types of seizures are commonly seen in cats with idiopathic epilepsy?
Both tonic-clonic (generalized) and focal seizures are seen with relatively equal frequency in cats.
What are the primary causes of secondary seizure disorders in cats?
Vascular events, inflammatory conditions, infections, toxins, traumatic injuries, metabolic derangements, and neoplasia.
What diagnostic tests should be part of the workup for a seizuring cat?
History, physical and neurological examination, fundic examination, CBC, biochemistry, urinalysis, advanced imaging (MRI/CT), and CSF analysis if needed.
What neurological signs suggest a forebrain lesion in cats?
Changes in mentation, behavior, contralateral visual deficits, facial/nasal sensation deficits, head turn towards the lesion, and propulsive circling.
What drug is the first choice for long-term treatment of seizures in cats?
Phenobarbital.
What is the dose of phenobarbital for long-term seizure control in cats?
2.5 mg/kg PO every 12 hours.
Why is phenobarbital preferred over other anticonvulsants in cats?
Cats have minimal enzyme induction with phenobarbital, so steady-state levels are easier to maintain compared to dogs.
When should serum phenobarbital levels be checked in cats?
2–3 weeks after starting therapy, after any dose change, and every 6 months thereafter.
What is a common second-line anticonvulsant in cats if phenobarbital is ineffective?
Levetiracetam (Keppra).
What is the dose of levetiracetam (Keppra) for seizure control in cats?
20 mg/kg PO every 8 hours.
Why should oral diazepam be avoided for long-term seizure control in cats?
Oral diazepam can cause fatal idiosyncratic hepatic necrosis in cats.
What are common side effects of phenobarbital in cats?
Sedation, ataxia, polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions.
