Seizure syndromes Flashcards
Rolandic
Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
BECTS
incidence: 10-20% childhood epilepsy
etiology: AD defect in K channel
age: onset 7-9 years
seizure: focal seizure during sleep with motor symptoms with no impairment of consciousness
EEG: centrotemporal sharp waves
treatment: carbamazepine, valproate
prognosis: resolution by 13 years
Dravet syndrome
Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy
(SMEI)
incidence: 3% childhood epilepsy
etiology: sodium channel, SCN1A gene
pathology: onset <1 yr with multiple different seizure types, neurodevelopmental delay, neurological disability
seizures: febrile tonic-clonic, often prolonged, then multiple types refractory to treatment
- associated behaviour issues, neurological symptoms and deficits
EEG: normal background
diagnosis: genetic testing
treatment: valproate
prognosis: early death due to SUDEP and status epilepticus
Lennox Gestaut syndrome
age: onset 3 to 5 years
etiology: many causes (genetic, neurocutaneous issues, HIE, meningitis, TBI)
seizures: multiple seizure types
- associated neurodevelopmental issues, psychosis
EEG: slow (<2.5 Hz) spike-wave pattern and paroxysmal fast waves on interictal EEG
treatment: valproate
