Seismology and Seismic Waves Flashcards
the study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through the earth
define seismology
the study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through the earth
a scientist who studies earthquakes and seismic waves
the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion
define seismic waves scientifically
the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion
where seismic waves are recorded on
seismographs
the two main types of waves
body waves and surface waves
the type of waves that can travel through the earth’s inner layers
body waves
what are body waves
the type of wave that can travel through the earth’s inner layers
waves that move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water
what are surface waves
differentiate body waves and surface waves
the two types of body waves
what arrives first, body waves or surface waves?
what is the natural disaster that radiates seismic energy
which has higher frequency, body waves or surface waves?
body waves
fastest kind of seismic wave, consequently the first to arrive at the seismic station
primary wave
can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth
primary wave
it pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull in the air
primary wave
also known as compressional waves
primary wave
responsible for the sounds coming from the ground
primary wave
commonly heard but seldom felt
primary wave
shake the ground in the direction they are propagating
primary wave
shake the ground perpendicularly causing more damage to the surface above it
secondary wave
compression followed by dilation
primary wave
explain the particle motion in p waves
have an up motion followed by a down motion
explain the particle motion in s waves
the second wave you feel in an earthquake
can only move through solid rock and not through any liquid medium
the slower wave between s waves and p waves
due to this specific characteristic of s wave, seismologists were able to conclude that the outer core is
differentiate primary waves and secondary waves
waves that travel only through the crust
which wave is of a lower frequency between body waves and surface waves
the waves that are almost entirely responsible for the damage and destruction associated with earthquakes
the two types of surface waves
surface wave that causes the most damage to buildings and other structures
the fastest surface wave
the surface wave that moves the ground from side-to-side
love wave was named after __________________________ who was a British mathematician who worked out the mathematical model for this kind of wave in 1911
the surface wave that produces an entirely horizontal motion
Rayleigh waves was named after ______________ he mathematically predicted the existence of this kind of wave in 1885
this wave rolls along the ground just like a wave rolls across a lake or an ocean
it moves the ground up and down, and side to side in the same direction the wave is moving
most of the shaking felt from the earthquake is due to this wave
larger than the other waves
waves that have a motion that is horizontal and perpendicular to the direction of propagation
love wave
waves that move traverse to the direction of the propagation but with no vertical motion
love wave
they cause rocks to move horizontally or side to side at right angles to the direction of the travelling wave
waves that have an elliptical motion similar to that of water waves
these waves are also called ground roll, they cause rock particles to move upwards, backwards, and down in a path that contains the direction of the wave travel
what is the arrangement in which the waves arrive
