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SEHS Topic 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between axial and appendicular skeleton

A

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2
Q

List out the bones limit to Axial Skeleton? (Anatomically)

A

Axial skeleton:
Skull, ribs, sternum and vertebral column

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of Skeleton of the human body?

A

Axial skeleton & Appendicular Skeleton

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4
Q

List out the bones limit to Appendicular Skeleton? (Anatomically)

A

Appendicular Skeleton:
Pectoral girdle (scapulae and clavicles), humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvic girdle, femur patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals

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5
Q

What does the vertebral column consist of? (Spine)

A

Cervical- 7 bones; Thoracic- 12 bones; Lumbar- 5 bones ; Sacral- 5 bones (fused as 1) ; Coccyx- 4 bones (fused as 1)

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6
Q

What are the functions of Axial Skeleton?

A

Axial skeleton
- Protection
- Attachment
- Support
- Movement

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7
Q

What are the functions of Appendicular Skeleton?

A

Appendicular Skeleton
- Attachment
- Support
-Movement
- Store minerals
- Produce red and white blood cells

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8
Q

What are the differences between an Axial and Appendicular Skeleton? (Functions)

A

Axial skeleton:
-Protection ✔

Appendicular Skeleton:
- Store minerals ✔
- Produce red and white blood cells ✔

Share in common:
- Attachment ✔
- Support ✔
-Movement ✔

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9
Q

What are the four types of bone?

A

Long, short, flat and irregular

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10
Q

What are some examples for Long bone?

A

Femur & Humerus

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11
Q

What are some examples for Short bone?

A

Carpals & Tarsals

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12
Q

What are some examples for Flat?

A

Ribs & Cranium

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13
Q

What are some examples for Irregular?

A

Vertebrae

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14
Q

What is the list of structure for a long bone?

A

Epiphysis
Spongy bone
Articular cartilage
Diaphysis
Compact bone
Bone marrow
Marrow cavity
Blood vessel
Periosteum

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15
Q

What is <Proximal> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Proximal>

A

Closer to the centre of the body e.g. the shoulder is proximal to the hand

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16
Q

What is <Distal> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Distal>

A

Further away from the centre of the body e.g. the hand is distal in relation to the shoulder

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17
Q

What is <Medial> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Medial>

A

Closer to the midline of the body e.g. the coccyx is medial to the carpals

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18
Q

What is <Lateral> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Lateral>

A

Away from the centre (midline) of the body e.g. the humerus is lateral to the sternum

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19
Q

What is <Inferior> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Inferior>

A

Below or further away from the head e.g. the knees are inferior to the shoulders

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20
Q

What is <Superior> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Superior>

A

Above or nearer to the head e.g. the skull is superior to the shoulders

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21
Q

What is <Posterior> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Posterior>

A

Behind or nearer to the back e.g. the vertebrae are posterior to the sternum

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22
Q

What is <Anterior> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Anterior>

A

In front of the body e.g. the sternum is anterior to the vertebrae

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23
Q

What is the function of Tendons (Connective Tissue) ?

A

Strong strips which attach muscles to bones (BTM)

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24
Q

What is the function of Ligaments (Connective Tissue) ?

A

Strong bands that connect bones to bones at joints (BLB)

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25
What is the function of Cartilage (Connective Tissue) ?
Soft cushioning substance that covers the ends of bones, acts as a shock absorber, and reduces the friction
26
Define the term joint.
Joint- where two bones meet to articulate with each other
27
What are the 3 types of Joint?
Fixed Joint, Cartilaginous Joint, Synovial Joint
28
What is a Fibrous (fixed) joint in relation to movement permitted?
No movement allowed
29
What is a Cartilaginous joint in relation to movement permitted?
Limited movement allowed
30
What is a Synovial joint in relation to movement permitted?
Freely moving joints that contain synovial fluid in a cavity around articulating bones (most common joint)
31
What are the features of Synovial Joint?
Articular Cartilage, Synovial Membrane, Synovial Fluid, Bursae, Meniscus
32
What is Articular Cartilage (Synovial Joint)?
Thin line of hyaline cartilage that allows joint movement and protects the joint from dislocation, reduces friction, absorbs shock and protect the bones
33
What is Synovial Fluid of a Synovial Joint?
Liquid that coats and lubricates articular cartilage preventing friction
34
What is Synovial Membrane of a Synovial Joint?
Membrane that lubricates the joint cavity which reduces friction
35
What is Meniscus of a Synovial Joint?
Semilunar discs made out of fibrocartilage pads found between some articulating some articulating bones. Allow bones to fit together tightly and they provide cushioning for the joint.
36
What is Bursae of a Synovial Joint?
Small fluid- filled sacs which prevent friction
37
What is Adduction? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
Movement towards the medial line of the body (bring together)
38
What is Abduction? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
Movement away from the medial line (take away)
39
What is Flexion? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
decrease the angle at a joint
40
What is Extension? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
Increase the angle at a joint
41
What is Pronation? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
Rotation of the forearm so that the palms face inferiorly (down)
42
What is Supination? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
Rotation of the forearm so that the palms face superiorly (up)
43
What is Elevation? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
Move a structure superiorly (e.g. shrugging)
44
What is Depression? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
Move a structure a structure inferiorly
45
What is Rotation? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
Turning of a structure around its long axis
46
What is Circumduction? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
A combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
47
What is Eversion? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
Turning the ankle so the the plantar surface faces laterally
48
What is Inversion? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
Turning the ankle so the plantar faces medially
49
What is Plantar Flexion? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
Movement of the foot towards the plantar surface (standing on toes)
50
What is Dorsi Flexion? (Movement in Synovial Joint)
Movement of the foot towards the shin (walking on the heels)
51
What are the types of Synovial Joint?
Hinge, Pivot, Ball and Socket, Condyloid, Saddle, Gliding
52
What type of movement does a Hinge perform (Synovial Joint)?
Flexion and extension
53
Examples of Hinge (Synovial Joint).
Elbow joint, Knee joint
54
What type of movement does a Pivot perform (Synovial Joint)?
Rotation of one bone around another
55
Examples of Pivot (Synovial Joint).
Top of the neck, Radioulnar joint
56
What type of movement does a Ball & Socket perform (Synovial Joint)?
Flexion extensions, adduction, abduction and rotation
57
Examples of Ball & Socket (Synovial Joint).
Shoulder joint, Hip joint
58
What type of movement does a Condyloid perform (Synovial Joint)?
Flexion extensions, adduction, abduction and circumduction
59
Examples of Condyloid (Synovial Joint).
Wrist joint (between the radius and carpal bones)
60
What type of movement does a Saddle perform (Synovial Joint)?
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction
61
Examples of Saddle (Synovial Joint).
Thumb (between the carpal bone and the metacarpal bone
62
What type of movement does a Gliding perform (Synovial Joint)?
Gliding movements
63
Examples of Gliding (Synovial Joint).
Tarsal bones, Carpal bones

SEHS (4 decks)

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