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SEHS > SEHS Topic 1.1 > Flashcards

SEHS Topic 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between axial and appendicular skeleton

A

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2
Q

List out the bones limit to Axial Skeleton? (Anatomically)

A

Axial skeleton:
Skull, ribs, sternum and vertebral column

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of Skeleton of the human body?

A

Axial skeleton & Appendicular Skeleton

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4
Q

List out the bones limit to Appendicular Skeleton? (Anatomically)

A

Appendicular Skeleton:
Pectoral girdle (scapulae and clavicles), humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvic girdle, femur patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals

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5
Q

What does the vertebral column consist of? (Spine)

A

Cervical- 7 bones; Thoracic- 12 bones; Lumbar- 5 bones ; Sacral- 5 bones (fused as 1) ; Coccyx- 4 bones (fused as 1)

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6
Q

What are the functions of Axial Skeleton?

A

Axial skeleton
- Protection
- Attachment
- Support
- Movement

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7
Q

What are the functions of Appendicular Skeleton?

A

Appendicular Skeleton
- Attachment
- Support
-Movement
- Store minerals
- Produce red and white blood cells

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8
Q

What are the differences between an Axial and Appendicular Skeleton? (Functions)

A

Axial skeleton:
-Protection ✔

Appendicular Skeleton:
- Store minerals ✔
- Produce red and white blood cells ✔

Share in common:
- Attachment ✔
- Support ✔
-Movement ✔

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9
Q

What are the four types of bone?

A

Long, short, flat and irregular

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10
Q

What are some examples for Long bone?

A

Femur & Humerus

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11
Q

What are some examples for Short bone?

A

Carpals & Tarsals

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12
Q

What are some examples for Flat?

A

Ribs & Cranium

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13
Q

What are some examples for Irregular?

A

Vertebrae

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14
Q

What is the list of structure for a long bone?

A

Epiphysis
Spongy bone
Articular cartilage
Diaphysis
Compact bone
Bone marrow
Marrow cavity
Blood vessel
Periosteum

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15
Q

What is <Proximal> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Proximal>

A

Closer to the centre of the body e.g. the shoulder is proximal to the hand

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16
Q

What is <Distal> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Distal>

A

Further away from the centre of the body e.g. the hand is distal in relation to the shoulder

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17
Q

What is <Medial> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Medial>

A

Closer to the midline of the body e.g. the coccyx is medial to the carpals

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18
Q

What is <Lateral> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Lateral>

A

Away from the centre (midline) of the body e.g. the humerus is lateral to the sternum

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19
Q

What is <Inferior> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Inferior>

A

Below or further away from the head e.g. the knees are inferior to the shoulders

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20
Q

What is <Superior> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Superior>

A

Above or nearer to the head e.g. the skull is superior to the shoulders

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21
Q

What is <Posterior> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Posterior>

A

Behind or nearer to the back e.g. the vertebrae are posterior to the sternum

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22
Q

What is <Anterior> in the context of location of bones (anatomical terms) ?</Anterior>

A

In front of the body e.g. the sternum is anterior to the vertebrae

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23
Q

What is the function of Tendons (Connective Tissue) ?

A

Strong strips which attach muscles to bones (BTM)

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24
Q

What is the function of Ligaments (Connective Tissue) ?

A

Strong bands that connect bones to bones at joints (BLB)

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25
Q

What is the function of Cartilage (Connective Tissue) ?

A

Soft cushioning substance that covers the ends of bones, acts as a shock absorber, and reduces the friction

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26
Q

Define the term joint.

A

Joint- where two bones meet to articulate with each other

27
Q

What are the 3 types of Joint?

A

Fixed Joint, Cartilaginous Joint, Synovial Joint

28
Q

What is a Fibrous (fixed) joint in relation to movement permitted?

A

No movement allowed

29
Q

What is a Cartilaginous joint in relation to movement permitted?

A

Limited movement allowed

30
Q

What is a Synovial joint in relation to movement permitted?

A

Freely moving joints that contain synovial fluid in a cavity around articulating bones (most common joint)

31
Q

What are the features of Synovial Joint?

A

Articular Cartilage, Synovial Membrane, Synovial Fluid, Bursae, Meniscus

32
Q

What is Articular Cartilage (Synovial Joint)?

A

Thin line of hyaline cartilage that allows joint movement and protects the joint from dislocation, reduces friction, absorbs shock and protect the bones

33
Q

What is Synovial Fluid of a Synovial Joint?

A

Liquid that coats and lubricates articular cartilage preventing friction

34
Q

What is Synovial Membrane of a Synovial Joint?

A

Membrane that lubricates the joint cavity which reduces friction

35
Q

What is Meniscus of a Synovial Joint?

A

Semilunar discs made out of fibrocartilage pads found between some articulating some articulating bones. Allow bones to fit together tightly and they provide cushioning for the joint.

36
Q

What is Bursae of a Synovial Joint?

A

Small fluid- filled sacs which prevent friction

37
Q

What is Adduction? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

Movement towards the medial line of the body (bring together)

38
Q

What is Abduction? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

Movement away from the medial line (take away)

39
Q

What is Flexion? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

decrease the angle at a joint

40
Q

What is Extension? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

Increase the angle at a joint

41
Q

What is Pronation? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

Rotation of the forearm so that the palms face inferiorly (down)

42
Q

What is Supination? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

Rotation of the forearm so that the palms face superiorly (up)

43
Q

What is Elevation? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

Move a structure superiorly (e.g. shrugging)

44
Q

What is Depression? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

Move a structure a structure inferiorly

45
Q

What is Rotation? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

Turning of a structure around its long axis

46
Q

What is Circumduction? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

A combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

47
Q

What is Eversion? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

Turning the ankle so the the plantar surface faces laterally

48
Q

What is Inversion? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

Turning the ankle so the plantar faces medially

49
Q

What is Plantar Flexion? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

Movement of the foot towards the plantar surface (standing on toes)

50
Q

What is Dorsi Flexion? (Movement in Synovial Joint)

A

Movement of the foot towards the shin (walking on the heels)

51
Q

What are the types of Synovial Joint?

A

Hinge, Pivot, Ball and Socket, Condyloid, Saddle, Gliding

52
Q

What type of movement does a Hinge perform (Synovial Joint)?

A

Flexion and extension

53
Q

Examples of Hinge (Synovial Joint).

A

Elbow joint, Knee joint

54
Q

What type of movement does a Pivot perform (Synovial Joint)?

A

Rotation of one bone around another

55
Q

Examples of Pivot (Synovial Joint).

A

Top of the neck, Radioulnar joint

56
Q

What type of movement does a Ball & Socket perform (Synovial Joint)?

A

Flexion extensions, adduction, abduction and rotation

57
Q

Examples of Ball & Socket (Synovial Joint).

A

Shoulder joint, Hip joint

58
Q

What type of movement does a Condyloid perform (Synovial Joint)?

A

Flexion extensions, adduction, abduction and circumduction

59
Q

Examples of Condyloid (Synovial Joint).

A

Wrist joint (between the radius and carpal bones)

60
Q

What type of movement does a Saddle perform (Synovial Joint)?

A

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction

61
Q

Examples of Saddle (Synovial Joint).

A

Thumb (between the carpal bone and the metacarpal bone

62
Q

What type of movement does a Gliding perform (Synovial Joint)?

A

Gliding movements

63
Q

Examples of Gliding (Synovial Joint).

A

Tarsal bones, Carpal bones

SEHS (4 decks)

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