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AP US History > Segment Test: 1st Quarter > Flashcards

Segment Test: 1st Quarter Flashcards

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1
Q

Republican Mother [W]

A

patriotic raising, Spartan childhood: patriotism & sacrifice 4 greater good

inequality and recognition

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2
Q

“Remember the Ladies” [W]

A

Abigail Adams, 1st instance of women’s rights/voice

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3
Q

Cult of domesticity [W]

A

‘traditional’ feminine ideal; piety, obedience, purity, domesticity

Protestant whites

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4
Q

Seneca Falls Convention [W]

A

1848
First WRight’s convention, starts movement

declaration of sentiments mimics the DoIndependence

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5
Q

Margaret Sanger (birth control) [W]

A

1920s

challenges lack of contraception, at least avoid carriage

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6
Q

Feminine Mystique (Betty Friedan) [W]

A

1963
Book 2nd wave feminism

Questions domesticity; unhappiness & the search for something more

the mystique= natural happiness w/domesticity

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7
Q

Salutary Neglect [HMG?]

A

unofficial relaxation of law enforcement in US colonies

American identity created; independent economic operation

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8
Q

Mercantilism [HMG?]

A

theory concerned with national economical balance

regulated (balanced) exports & imports

promoted aggressive policy; embargos, tariffs, monopolization

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9
Q

Navigation Acts [HMG?]

A

policy of mercantilism; limited monetary loss of empire to foreign power; restricted use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and the colonies

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10
Q

States Rights/Nullification [HMG?]

A

States vs Fed

SC rejects tariffs in 1828-32

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11
Q

National (Cumberland) Road [HMG?]

A

since 1811
first major highway built by Fed

paid with taxes, connects Maryland to Illinois, doesn’t benefit the south…

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12
Q

Social Darwinism [HMG?]

A

Regards government subsidizing of american products (such as cars), protection of things that suck

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13
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act [HMG?]

A

1890
discourages monopoly & cartel

trust: big company w large market power

And what about the exceptionally good, deserving monopolists?

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14
Q

Progressive Movement [HMG?]

A

1900s
widespread sociopolitical reform

Further antitrust & anti gov. corruption

abolitionism, utopianism, women’s suffrage, rejects social Darwinism, takes responsibility

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15
Q

1927 Mississippi River Flood [HMG?]

A

natural disaster

largest system of levees by Army Corps of Engineers; flood consequence arose elsewhere along river

money allocation conflict (states rights)

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16
Q

New Deal [HMG?]

A

Adresses the Depression, FD Roosevelt takes action

relief recovery reform

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17
Q

1954 Brown v Board of Edu [HMG?]

A

supreme court rule declared state laws of segregation unconstitutional

What about the general public, especially within southern states

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18
Q

LBJ: Great Society [HMG?]

A

Lyndon B Johnson war on poverty & racial injustice

age of civil rights, greatly tumultuous

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19
Q

Affirmative Action [HMG?]

A

educational/employment support of minorities

socioeconomic equity

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20
Q

Reagan: Deregulation [HMG?]

A

Government budget cuts and trickle down (Reaganomics)

promoted inequality and fiscal irresponsibility

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21
Q

American Exceptionalism [USAWP]

A

nation being inherently different

romanticized patriotism

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22
Q

Monroe Doctrine [USAWP]

A

paternalistic hemispheres

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23
Q

Manifest Destiny [USAWP]

A

religious right to conquer

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24
Q

Spanish-American War [USAWP]

A

1898
yellow journalism against Spanish, general bigotry and insolence in name of war: criticizes Spanish rule of Cuba, leads to intervention

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25
Q

Platt Amendment [USAWP]

A

Conditions by which Cuba must abide for occupation withdrawal

unequal US dominance over Cuba: allow military bases, intervention, clean the place up

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26
Q

Roosevelt Corollary [USAWP]

A

international policing to relieve troubles of the western hemisphere (specifically Eur>SouAme)

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27
Q

Wilson’s 14 Points (post WWI) [USAWP]

A

Woodrow Wilson’s plan for global peace (policy for avoiding war)

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28
Q

Marshall Plan (post-WWII) [USAWP]

A

American initiative to improve W European economies after war

(powers were likely to spend money on resources from America)

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29
Q

Bay of Pigs (Cuba 1961) [USAWP]

A

Castro defeats the policing jerks, puts them in their place

Castro gets some respect from people around the globe

Cold War era (soviet tension)

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30
Q

Afghanistan 1979 [USAWP]

A

US weapons given to Afghanistan to fight against Soviet power, same weapons given to terrorist groups eventually used against us

Anti-communism throughout history

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31
Q

Stamp Tax [P&R]

A

1765
direct tax and demanded use of British paper on printed material

The educated Americans manipulate public opinion to favor patriotism & rebellion

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32
Q

Shay’s Rebellion [P&R]

A

1786
Shay & thousands of rebels to take Armory over perceived economic injustice by Massachusetts

Called for stronger central document

Rebellion? Not against us.

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33
Q

Whiskey Rebellion [P&R]

A

1794
Farmers refuse Fed distillation tax in name of taxation without local representation

new gov had will and ability to suppress violent protest

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34
Q

Alien & Sedition Acts [P&R]

A

1798
“strengthen national security”
Right to jail protesters

regulates immigrants

quasi-war with France

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35
Q

States Rights/Nullification [P&R]

A

1798/9
Kentucky & Virginia rule Alien & Sedition acts unconstitutional

claims right to reject acts not authorized by constitution (strict constructionism)

Principles of ‘98: each state has right to declare Fed unconstitutional

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36
Q

Pullman Strike (1894) [P&R]

A

workers’ boycott of Pullman trains result in protesters’ sabotage of railroads, causing government to intervene; protesters jailed, and authorized army action

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37
Q

Espionage & Sedition Acts [P&R]

A

1917 WWI
prohibited free speech that would interfere with the US military’s efforts to defeat Germany and its allies

against free speech… terribly broad, promoted conviction by hysteria

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38
Q

Schenck v US (1919) [P&R]

A

Supreme court ruled that discouraging young adults to draft is illegal (free speech)

indirectly harming troops, don’t shout fire in a crowded theatre.. limited free speech

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39
Q

Flappers [P&R]

A

1920s
shorter hair & skirts, jazzier, rebels, makeup, drinking, driving, smoking

tough chicks

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40
Q

The Beats (1950s) [P&R]

A

cultural and literary movement dealing with nation’s consciousness

pushed boundaries of acceptance by challenging traditional styles and subjects

beatniks

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41
Q

American Colonization Society [N]

A

Send black people back to Africa

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42
Q

Trail of Tears [N]

A

1830s

Forced Native American exodus to the west

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43
Q

Dawes Severalty Act [N]

A

1887
Native exodus, allowed president to divide their land, exerted control over Native Americans

aimed to lift them out of poverty and stimulate assimilation into American society; eventual citizenship promised

44
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act [N]

A

1882
Limited Chinese immigration in response to laborers coming and working for lower wages

friction started with gold rush in 1850s where foreigners gained gold; when it became scarce, were driven out, worked on low-wage laboring in San Francisco largely

called coolies by politicians, disparaged

45
Q

Dred Scott v Sandford [N]

A

1857
Supreme court held that blacks could not be american citizens and so had no right to sue
Indirect catalyst to start of the civil war

46
Q

Plessy v Ferguson [N]

A

1896
Partially black man forced to sit at back of bus

Supreme court ruled in support of segregation by state law; separate but equal- overruled in Brown v Board of Education

47
Q

Executive Order 9066 (WWII) [N]

A

Moved Japanese-Americans to concentration camps

48
Q

Brown v Board of Edu 1954 [N]

A

Ruled against segregation, little girl had to walk a mile where as white school was a couple of blocks away

49
Q

Bakke v University of California [N]

A

1978

Supreme Court ruled in favor of Affirmative Action

50
Q

Puritans [R]

A

Puritans & Separatists
Nonseparatists& Pilgrims

Some of the first American immigrants were Separatists seeking to escape corruption of English Catholic Church

51
Q

“a city upon a hill” [R]

A

You are the light of the world
Cited by american politicians
American exceptionalism

52
Q

Quakers [R]

A

super friendly, equality & tolerance

53
Q

Deists [R]

A

Enlightenment inspired; rejection of authority as source of religious knowledge;

objectivism

54
Q

1st Great Awakening [R]

A

1730-1740s
deep awareness of need for salvation
Deep sense of spiritual conviction and redemption, encouraging introspection & new personal morality

55
Q

“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” [R]

A

1741
hellfire punishment
vivid imagery of hell w observations of the world & citations of scripture

56
Q

2nd Great Awakening [R]

A

1790-1820

moral virtue for heaven; Romanticism of emotion&enthusiasm, lighthearted

57
Q

Social Gospel [R]

A

Christian Intellectual movement of 1900s applying ethics to social problems

58
Q

Progressive Movement [R]

A

sociopolitical upheaval in 20th century changing views on role of USgov on society

religion: secularlized, morality & social reform

59
Q

Scopes Monkey Trial [R]

A

1925
Tennessee trial staged to publicize smalltown Dayton, Tennessee & the Fundamentalist v. Modernist Controversy

Scopes unsure whether having taught evolution, self-incriminated 4 sake of defendant

Trial charges overturned on technicality (succeeded in goal of publicizing)

60
Q

Christian Coalition [R]

A

Christian political organization formed by P Robertson for general conservative support

61
Q

Wilderness Road (Daniel Boone) [Env]

A

1775
route from east to Kentucky
foot&horseback

good gun, horse, wife, salt

volunteered pioneer trailblazer

62
Q

Cotton [Env]

A

extremely nutrient demanding; acres of land left barren as farmers kept moving areas

63
Q

Gold Rush [Env]

A

extensive mining

64
Q

Manifest Destiny [Env]

A

Land meant to be conquered

65
Q

Pittsburgh 1900 [Env]

A

–

66
Q

Windmill, plow, cow (Midwest) [Env]

A

–

67
Q

1906 San Francisco Earthquake [Env]

A

–

68
Q

Dust Bowl (1930s) [Env]

A

drought & unprotected soil suffocated those caught in the massive storms

extensive plowing exposed topsoil, turned into loose dust

69
Q

Silent Spring (Rachel Carson) [Env]

A

1962

Environmentalist book bashing DDT

70
Q

“Moral equivalent of War” (Jimmy Carter) [Env]

A

–

71
Q

Articles of Confederation [P]

A

1776-1777

document unifying 13 colonies under a makeshift constitution

72
Q

Federalists & Anti-Federalists (fears) [P]

A

Federalists: feared chaos, favored central gov; Hamilton

Ant-federalists: feared tyranny, favored local gov; Jefferson

Jefferson’s logic: A central bank would be a debt-based nation: basically, slavery.

73
Q

“Revolution of 1800” [P]

A

Thomas Jefferson wins over John Adams

Decentralization, anti-fed in power

74
Q

“Age of Common Man” (Jackson) [P]

A

1828-1854
Jacksonian democracy, greater democracy for the common man, symbolized by AJ.

2nd party system

75
Q

“Log Cabin & Hard Cider” campaign (1840) [P]

A

1840 presidential election
Harrison declared old; give him hard cider, 2k &he’ll spend his days on the log cabin porch, Harrison rebutted that he consequently was a commoner and Buren was labeled a snob

76
Q

Compromise of 1877 [P]

A

Ended Reconstruction
tacit resolution that Republican president Hayes would become president over Tilden on condition the federal troops necessary to maintain Republican state governments in South

77
Q

Dixiecrats (1948) [P]

A

against civil rights to minorities

78
Q

Kennedy-Nixon debate [P]

A

first televised campaign, Kennedy powdered and packaged like a product with cartoons and makeup

79
Q

“silent majority” (Nixon) [P]

A

1969
term by Nixon: unspoken opinion of majority

Used to address those not joining protest of Vietnam War

80
Q

Carter & Reagan [P]

A

another televised campaign, Reagan being more affective with memorable speech (also told Americans what they wanted to hear)

81
Q

“not worth a continental” [E]

A

American Revolutionary currency: Continental Currency: lost value due to lost confidence due to disparity of monetary policy between Congress & States

Example of imperfect union

82
Q

1st Bank of the US [E]

A

Alexander Hamilton, 1st treasurer

83
Q

Embargo of 1807 [E]

A

Congress&Thomas Jefferson

ban on US exports to force Britain & France to respect US rights during Napoleonic Wars (maintain neutrality)

84
Q

Mid-19C economy [E]

A

move towards industrialization

NE does cotton textiles and shoes, W population grew rapidly,

85
Q

“cross of gold” speech (WJ Bryan) [E]

A

1896
WJ Bryan bimetallism
value silver over gold, gold evil due to harm to economic health

One of the greatest political speeches in US history

86
Q

Margin (borrowed money) & 1929 stock crash [E]

A

borrowed money, selling more for less led to something like inflation, causing crash

margin stock: any stock listed on a national securities exchange

87
Q

GI Bill [E]

A

1944
wwii vet benefits:
low mortgage, low interest-loans, free college/education

empowers vets

88
Q

Stagflation [E]

A

persisting high inflation & unemployment, stagnant economy

89
Q

Reaganomics [E]

A

Emphasized tax-cuts for the poor, and trickle-down theory

Problem?: Will the rich really spend money on everybody else?

90
Q

Columbian Exchange [S]

A

Columbus

Native Americans traded crops for livestock, wheat & disease

91
Q

Tories v Whigs [S]

A

Loyalists v Patriots

Patriots were the loudmouth minority, abusing opposition and driving tories out of communities with constant molestation

92
Q

Hoe rotary press [S]

A

1847
penny dailies exemplify literacy in the US
1840; 91% white 33% black

Hoe developed 2 sided printing for rotary press

93
Q

Utopian Communities [S]

A

american kitsch

Shakers: Mother Ann says No sex, yes furniture!

Oneida: complex marriage, polygamous for either partner; Monogamy no, committee decides childbirth

94
Q

Sherman’s March (Civil War) [S]

A

General Sherman marched through Georgia interfering not only with military targets but infrastructure, civilian property, economy & transportation
(revolutionary event, deep in enemy w/ no supply line)

Offended the South, an event they don’t forget

95
Q

Jim Crow Laws [S]

A

South state legislature enforcing segregation after Reconstruction
held from 1877 to 1965
1890 separate but equal

ultimately overruled by 1954 and 1964

96
Q

Late 19C immigration [S]

A

1850-1880-1920
European immigrants formed a bulk of US industrial labor, allowed new industries; gained US a front position in global economic power

US Citizens held xenophobia, Irish especially targeted for their Catholicism which was feared to generate friction with American values, as they were ‘controlled by the pope’

1880 invention of steamship saw greater immigrant mobility

97
Q

Triangle Shirtwaist Co. Fire [S]

A

deadliest industrial disaster in US history- Manhattan

Exits locked to prevent gratuitous slacking, fire struck and victims either burned or jumped to their deaths

Improved safety standards and promoted growth of ILGWU, improving s.s 4 sweatshops

98
Q

Spanish Flu [S]

A

1918-19
Unusually deadly outbreak of flu across globe
Powers in wwi minimized reports of fatalities, the neutral Spanish reported freely; people lead to believe Spain’s fault

99
Q

Hoovervilles [S]

A

makeshift shanties of the Great Depression named after the acting president in blame

100
Q

Jackie Robinson [S]

A

1950s to 60s
first black major league baseball player
When Dodgers played him, ended segregation of that baseball community

101
Q

Levittown [S]

A

1950s

first mass-produced suburbia

102
Q

Dr. Spock’s baby book [S]

A

1946

Man later blamed for rebelliousness of the baby boomer generation

103
Q

McCarthyism [S]

A

anti-communist hysteria

104
Q

Sputnik [S]

A

Russian satellite won the cold war

US feared H bombs

105
Q

Black Power [S]

A

60s-70s
emphasizes racial pride & collective effort for black interests and values

In history used broadly; self determination

1850s used by Frederick Douglass to describes the disproportionate political power held by slave owners in the South

106
Q

Rust Belt [S]

A

1980s

industrial lost in NE; economy has migration to Sunbelt

107
Q

1980s immigration [S]

A

stark difference in reception, after a marked american identity, new incomers looked down upon…

AP US History (13 decks)

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