Segment 1 Flashcards
is defined as a total response of an organism, in reply to living
circumstances, depending on the environmental stimulation and its internal tension of
successive movements which are oriented in a significant way
behavior
Give the 10 Kinds of Behavior
Overt
Covert
Conscious
Unconscious
Simple
Complex
Rational
Irrational
Voluntary
Involuntary
Behaviors that are directly observable.
Smiling, Pouting, Crying
Overt
Behaviors that are hidden or not visible to
the naked eye.
Hatred, Cursing, Jealousy,
etc
Covert
Acts which are within the level of
awareness.
Walking, Clapping, etc
Conscious
Acts that are embedded in one’s
subconscious.
Mannerisms
Unconscious
Acts categorized according to the number of
neurons involved in the process of behaving.
Smiling, Winking of the
eye, etc.
Simple
Acts involving the use of more number of
neurons which are combination of simple
behaviors.
Dancing, Laughing,
Running, Crying
Complex
Behaviors that are manifested with sanity or
reason.
Logical Reasoning
Rational
Behaviors with no apparent reason or
explanation.
Laughing out loud at
nobody or nothing in
particular
Irrational
Act done with full volition of will.
Making decisions
Voluntary
Bodily processes that goes on even when we
are awake or asleep.
Respiration, Circulation,
Digestion,
Somnambulism, etc.
Involuntary
Give the 7 Aspects of Behavior
Intellectual
Emotional
Social
Moral
Psychosexual
Political
Values or attitude
Behaviors which pertain to our way of thinking, reasoning, solving
problem, processing information and coping with environment.
Intellectual
Behaviors which pertain to our feelings, moods, temper, and strong
motivation force.
Emotional
Behavior which pertain to how we interact or relate with other
people.
Social
It pertains to our conscience and concept on what is good or bad.
Moral
It pertains to our being a man or a woman and the expression of
love.
Psychosexual
It pertains to our ideology towards society or government.
Political
It pertains to our interest towards something, our likes and dislikes
Values or
Attitude
refers to a voluntary or involuntary attitude of a person in order
to fit the society’s idea of right or wrong, partly determined by heredity and environment,
and modified through learning.
Human behavior
Give the 3 Classification of Human Behavior
Habitual
Instinctive
Complex
– refers to demeanors which are resorted to in a regular basis it be
further characterized as: emotional and language.
Habitual
– are human conduct, which is unlearned and inherent, said to be
present at birth of a person, and significantly influenced by heredity.
- Instinctive
– refers to two or more habitual behavior which occurs in one situation
- Complex
• (1904-1990) proposed that children learn from consequences of
behaviour.
proposes the use of reinforcements to encourage desirable
behaviour and to discourage negative behaviour in children.
B.F Skinner
- theory of cognitive development suggests
that intelligence changes as children grow. A child’s cognitive development is not just about acquiring knowledge, the child has to develop or construct a mental
model of the world.
Jean Piaget (1896- 1980)
- was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a
method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior
Sigmund Freud (1856- 1939)
selfish, primitive, childish, pleasureoriented part of the personality with no ability to delay gratification.
Id
Freud called the
“true psychic reality” because it represents the inner world of subjective
experience and has no knowledge of objective reality
id
allows us to get our basic needs met.
Id
based on
the pleasure principle i.e. it wants immediate satisfaction, with no consideration for
the reality of the situation.
Id
– as the child interacts more with the world, the ____begins to develop.
Ego
The
job is to meet the needs of the id, whilst taking into account the constraints of
reality.
ego’s
acknowledges that being impulsive or selfish can sometimes hurt us,
so the id must be constrained (reality principle)
Ego
is the moderator between the
id and the super ego which seeks compromises to pacify both. It can be viewed as
our “sense of time and place
Ego
the develops during the phallic stage as a
result of the moral constraints placed on us by our parents.
Superego (conscience of man) –
. internalized societal and parental standards of
“good” and “bad”, “right and “wrong” behavior
Superego
This is the first psychosexual stage in which the infant’s source of id gratification is the
mouth. Infant gets pleasure from sucking and swallowing
Oral stage (0-18 months)
When parents decide to toilet train their children, the children learn
how much control they can exert over others with anal sphincter muscles.
Anal stage (18 months-3 years)
Genitals become primary source of pleasure. The child’s erotic pleasure focuses on
masturbation that is, on self-manipulation of the guuenitals. He develops a sexual
attraction to the parent of the opposite sex; boys develop unconscious desires for their
mother and become rivals with their father for her affection.
Phallic stage (3-6 years)
b. – this refers to an occasion where in girls experience an intense
emotional attachment for their fathers (daddy’s girl)
Electra complex
– this refers to an instance where in boys build up a warm and
loving relationship with mothers (mommy’s boy).
Oedipus complex
Sexual interest is relatively inactive in this stage. Sexual energy is going through the
process of sublimation and is being converted into interest in schoolwork, riding bicycles
playing house and sports.
Latency stage (6-11 years)
This refers to the start of puberty and genital stage; there is renewed interest in
obtaining sexual pleasure through the genitals. Masturbation often becomes frequent and
lead to orgasm for the first. Sexual and romantic interests in others also become a central
motive.
Genitals stage (11 years)
is a personality characteristic that has met three criteria: it must be
consistent, stable, and vary from person to person.
trait
Based on this definition, a ____ can be
thought of as a relatively stable characteristic that causes individuals to behave in certain
ways.
Traits
. attempt to learn and explain the traits that make
up personality, the differences between people in terms of their personal characteristics
and how they relate to actual behaviour.
Trait theories
refers to the characteristic of an individual, describing a habitual way of
behaving, thinking, and feeling
Trait
Focused on temperaments, which he believed were
largely controlled by genetic influences.
Hans eysenks
1 He utilized a statistical technique known as
factor analysis to identify what he believed were the two primary dimensions of
personality:
Hans eysenks
is a measure of how energetic, sociable and friendly a
person is
Extraversion
. are commonly understood as being a ‘people’s person’
drawing energy from being around others directing their energies towards people
and the outside world
Extraversion
the most in a social situation,
extraverts are traditionally characterized by sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness,
and excitability
Extraversion
. is typically defined as a tendency
toward anxiety, depression, self-doubt, and other negative feelings
Neuroticism
described as low emotional stability or
negative emotionality
Neuroticism
states that a person will exhibit some qualities
commonly found among psychotics, and that they may be more susceptible, given
certain environments, to becoming psychotic
Psychoticism
In 1936, psychologist found that one English-language dictionary
contained more than 4,000 words describing different personality traits
Gordon Allport
traits into three levels
Cardinal traits
Central traits
Secondary traits
. Allport suggested that the basic traits are rare and predominant
and usually develop in later years. They tend to define people to the extent that
their names are synonymous with their personality
Cardinal traits
describe the major
characteristics you might use to describe another person. Terms such as
“intelligent,” “honest,” “shy,” and “anxious” are considered
Central traits
are sometimes related to attitudes or
preferences. They often appear only in certain situations or under specific
circumstances.
Secondary traits
He said that
after all, most people are exposed to extreme stress and do not result to violence or
crime. Aichorn felt that stress only produced crime in those who had a particular
mental state known as Latent Delinquency
August aichorn
August aichorn Book entitled? Year?
Wayward youth 1925
according to Aichorn, this result from inadequate
childhood Socialization and manifest itself in the need for immediate
gratification (impulse), lack empathy for other and inability to feel guilt
Latent delinquency
He gave the theory of General emotionality.
According to him excess or a deficiency of a particular instinct account for the
tendency of many criminals to be
Cyrill Burt (Young Delinquent, 1925)
a deficiency of a particular instinct account for the
tendency of many criminals to be
weak willed or easily led
(individual Delinquency). He claimed that crime is an expression of
the mental content of the individual
William Healy
He claimed that criminality is the
result of emotional immaturity
Walter Bromberg (Crime and the mind, 1946).
maintained that criminal behaviour is a symptom
of a more complex personality distortion; there is a conflict between ego and superego, as well as inability to control impulsive and pleasure seeking drives,
- David Abrahamsen
Oedipus complex is named for the ________who killed his father and married
his mother.
king of Thebes
is the prevailing and intense personal feeling of inadequacy,
weakness, and insecurity.
Inferiority complex
