Segars: Introduction to Pharmacology

Question 1

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 1

• how the DRUG affects the body

- MOA

Question 2

What is Pharmacokinetics?

Answer 2

• How the BODY affects the drug

- ADME

Question 3

What is ADME

Answer 3

• absorption
• Distribution
• metabolism
• elimination

Question 4

What is a prodrug

Answer 4

• the inactive form

- gets transformed into active compound

Question 5

Pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 5

-study of the appropriate use of meds to effectively treat or prevent disease and manage sx

Question 6

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 6

-genetic impact on drug metabolic or handling processes which can affect individual responses to drugs

Question 7

Pharmacoeconomics

Answer 7

-field of study utilizing scientific and economic methods to evaluate and compare value between therapies

Question 8

Pharmacoepidemiology

Answer 8

-field of study that applies epidemiological principles and methods to study the uses and effects of medications on large populations

Question 9

What does pharmaceutical equivalence mean?

Answer 9

• same ingredients
• same dosage form
• same strength

Question 10

What is a pharmaceutical alternative?

Answer 10

• SAME DRUG!

- different form or salt form

Question 11

Therapeutic equivalence

Answer 11

-must be pharmaceutically equivalent and have the same therapeutic effect and safety profile

Question 12

What is bioequivalence

Answer 12

• similar rate and extent of absorption

- 80-125% of reference product

Question 13

When is the generic drug “just as good” as the other one?

Answer 13

-when it is pharmaceutical, therapeutically, and bio- equivalent!

Question 14

Which generics are the good drugs to give?-

Answer 14

-the A rated ones… not B rated

Question 15

among the scheduled/controlled drugs, what FDA classification means it’s ok?

Answer 15

• C-V

- the higher the number, the more ok it is

Question 16

What are the 9 legal requirements of prescriptions?

Answer 16

• name/address of prescriber
• name/address of patient
• date prescription was written
• name and strength of medication
• directions for use (use the abbrevs)
• quantity to be dispensed
• number of refills allowed
• prescriber’s signature
• Prescriber’s DEA number (2 letter, 7 digit)

Question 17

convert 1 kg to lbs

Answer 17

-1kg=2.2 lbs!

Question 18

microgram

Answer 18

-1/1000 of a mg

Question 19

tbsp to tsp

Answer 19

• 1tbsp= 3 tsps

- 15mL

Question 20

ounces to tsp and tbsp and mL

Answer 20

• 30 mL
• 2 tbsps
• 6 tsp

Question 21

quart

Answer 21

• 946 mL

- 2 pints= 1 quart

Question 22

Gallon to liters

Answer 22

• G= 3.79L
• 4 quarts
• 8 pints

Question 23

qd

Answer 23

-ever day

Question 24

bid

Answer 24

-twice daily

Question 25

tid

Answer 25

-thrice daily

Question 26

qid

Answer 26

-4 times daily

Question 27

qod

Answer 27

-every other day

Question 28

q "x" h

Answer 28

-every "x" hours

Question 29

days of the week

Answer 29

-M, T, E, R, F, Sa, S

Question 30

qam

Answer 30

every morning

Question 31

qpm

Answer 31

every evening

Question 32

qhs

Answer 32

every night at bedtime

Question 33

prn

Answer 33

as needed

Question 34

ac

Answer 34

before meals

Question 35

pc

Answer 35

after meals

Question 36

od

Answer 36

right eye

Question 37

o.s.

Answer 37

left eye

Question 38

o.u.

Answer 38

both eyes

Question 39

a.d.

Answer 39

right ear

Question 40

a.s

Answer 40

left ear

Question 41

a.u.

Answer 41

both ears

Question 42

drops

Answer 42

gtt

Question 43

p.o.

Answer 43

by mouth

Question 44

s.l.

Answer 44

sublingually

Question 45

i.v.

Answer 45

intravenously

Question 46

i.m.

Answer 46

intramuscularly

Question 47

s.q.

Answer 47

subcutaneously

Question 48

p.r.

Answer 48

-per rectum

Question 49

NGT

Answer 49

-naso-gastric tube

Question 50

OGT

Answer 50

-oro-gastric tube

Question 51

u.t. dict.

Answer 51

as directed

Question 52

t.r.a.

Answer 52

to run at

Question 53

k.v.o.

Answer 53

keep vein open

Question 54

What does D5W mean?

Answer 54

- 5% dextrose in water | - 50 grams in 100mL

Question 55

What is 1/2NS?

Answer 55

- .45% NaCl | - 1/4 is 0.225% NaCl