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iSyllabus > Seeking purity > Flashcards

Seeking purity Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 distinct categories is purity divided into

A 
physical substances (haqiqi)
ritual states (hukmi)
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2
Q

Attaining purity is a practice that was shared and dates back to previous manifestations of Islam, give an example

A

Sarah, the wife of p Ibrahim (as)

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3
Q

When was wudu first obligated

A

The verses regarding wudu were all revealed in Madinah

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4
Q

What are the 2 views on wudu obligation

A
  1. Makkah
    Majority of scholars hold that wudu was taught and made mandatory on the Prophet (pbuh) after the first revelation of the Quran in Ramadan whilst still in Makkah
  2. Madinah
    Others hold the view that it was made fardh in Madinah after the revelation of the verses in sura al Tayammum and that wudu was just ‘recommended’ in Makkah
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5
Q

What can be said about the verse in the Quran relating to wudu which was revealed years after the first revelation in Madinah?

A

The verses in Madinah reiterated and emphasised the previously practiced actions of wudu in Makkah as well as introducing the idea of Tayammum
ie it clarified that wudu was obligatory

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6
Q

what is tayammum

A

practiced with water scarcity

used sand for purification

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7
Q

define physical impurity (haqiqi)

A

any substance whose attributes are deemed impure by Shariah e.g. wine, urine
an actual physical substance which are required to be cleaned and removed

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8
Q

define ritual impurity (hukmi)

A

a state that occurs due to having entered into what the Shariah views as a state of ritual impurity e.g. deep sleep, loss of consciousness, passing wind
required to purify oneself through cleansing regardless of physical impurities

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9
Q

what are the types of physical impurities

A

strong and weak

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10
Q

what are strong impurities

A

when we have proof that a substance is impure, it is considered a strong impurity by default

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11
Q

examples of strong impurities

A
  1. all substances that come from the human body that would require one to perform either wudu or ghusl
  2. blood that flows from the body
  3. the flesh of dead animals that have not been ritually slaughtered
  4. the excrement of all animals
  5. urine and milk of animals whose meat is forbidden to consume
  6. sweat and saliva of impure animals e.g. pigs and dogs
  7. grape wine
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12
Q

list substances that come from the human body that would require one to perform wudu or ghusl

A 
blood 
sperm 
urine 
vomit 
human faeces
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13
Q

strong impurities must be washed off, true or false

A

true

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14
Q

what are the exceptions on washing off strong impurities

A

for solid impurities the excusable amount is just under 4g

for liquid impurities, the surface area of a 50p coin is excusable

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15
Q

if any amount of strong impurity falls into water, it renders the water impure and unsuitable for wudu or ghusl, true or false

A

true

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16
Q

what are the 4 levels of purity? al Ghazali

A
  1. Purity from outward filth
  2. Purity from the wrong actions of the limbs
  3. Purity of the heart from spiritual diseases - envy, greed
  4. Purity of soul from other than Allah
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17
Q

whenever you want to pray, your body/clothes/place of prayer has to be free of any physical impurities, true or false

A

true

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18
Q

3 general rules for the removal of impurities

A
  1. visible impurities must be cleaned until the substance is removed (residual staining can be overlooked)
  2. non-visible impurity - affected area is washed until it is reasonable to assume it has been removed
  3. the body - istinja’
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19
Q

what is istinja’

A

cleaning oneself after urinating or defecating

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20
Q

when can istinja’ be a sunnah

A

if the area of filth is less than what is fard to wash - less than what is excusable

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21
Q

when does istinja’ become fard

A

if the filth exceeds impurity that is deemed excusable

in such case, water should be used and failure to clean will invalidate any prayer

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22
Q

Purity of clothing e.g. menstrual blood staining clothing

A

‘scrape it, rub it with water, pour water over it and then pray in it’

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23
Q

what 3 things should be cleaned before praying

A

body, place, mind

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24
Q

scholarly difference on: urine of a child as a physical impurity

A

a baby who has not been weaned off of breast milk, the Prophet (pbuh) would say just spray water on it

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25
Q

what schools of thought think urine of a male child is not an impurity

A

Shafi and Hanbali

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26
Q

what are the thoughts of maliki and hanafi on the urine of a child

A

urine is urine, there is no difference

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27
Q

Who is An-Nawawi

A

is a prominent leader in the Shafi’ school

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28
Q

How are impurities removed if the ground is hard

A

pouring water over the area

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29
Q

how are impurities removed from soft floor furnishings

A

ensuring the removal of visible impurity, if it is not visible, then the surface is cleaned by rubbing and washing the affected area 3 times

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30
Q

How many general methods of removing impurities are there

A

there are over 30 methods but the most common

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31
Q

most common methods of removing impurities

A

water
dust
scraping
wiping

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32
Q

properties of water that makes it suitable for cleaning impurities

A

flows easily
is ritually pure
has properties that facilitate the removal of impurities

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33
Q

another example of liquid used for cleaning impurities

A

vinegar

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34
Q

how could you use dust to clean

A

if you stepped in dog poo, you can rub your shoe off of dust

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35
Q

Scraping

A

for dried impurities

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36
Q

wiping

A

smooth surfaces e.g. metal, mirrors

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37
Q

drying (jafaf)

A

used for exposed earth

the purification for the earth is its becoming dry

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38
Q

tanning (dabgh)

A

animal skins are purified through a process known as tanning

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39
Q

exceptions to animal skins purification

A

humans

pigs

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40
Q

define istihala (chemical or physical transformation)

A

an alteration in the qualities and attributes of impurities to the point that the substance ceases to be deemed impure - since the qualities of impurities no longer remain therein

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41
Q

example of istihala

A

grapes (ok) –> wine (not ok) –> vinegar (ok)

42
Q

drinking wine is haram but if wine spills on you, is it an impure substance

A

majority of scholars have held it to be najis/impure if it lands on your clothing

43
Q

why is alcohol described as najis

A
  1. has been described in the quran as rijs
  2. verse orders believers to shun wine
  3. the hadith of abu Thalaba orders the washing of vessels containing wine
44
Q

why do a minority of scholars say wine is not an impurity

A
  1. everything on earth is pure unless proven otherwise

2. the word najis has been used figuratively

45
Q

view on using synthetic alcohol e.g. handgel, mouthwash…

A

Many contemporary scholars have reviewed and ruled that it is pure
as it is commercially produced, no one is going to drink it, and relying on the thoughts of minority schools of thought.
Some say it is a weak impurity and other say it is still alcohol and therefore impure

46
Q

What are the bare essentials of ghusl

A
  1. washing of the whole body
  2. rinsing mouth
  3. sniffing water into nostrils
47
Q

rules of washing the whole body

A

there can be no barrier for the water to reach the skin

48
Q

Major ritual impurity requires…?

A

requires one to bathe (ghusl) or perform tayammum

49
Q

Gargling of water is an emphasised sunnah? true or false

A

true

50
Q

water has to reach the roots of you hairs, true or false

A

true

51
Q

What are the sunnah acts of ghusl

A
  1. saying bismillah
  2. intention
  3. washing ones hands before starting
  4. washing ones private parts
  5. performing full wudu except for the feet which should be washed at the end of ghusl
  6. rubbing the body while pouring water all over it
52
Q

the 4 occasions that ghusl is a sunnah

A
  1. Friday prayers
  2. Eid prayers
  3. day of Arafah for Hajj
  4. When donning the ihram for Hajj
53
Q

Minor ritual impurity requires one to perform?

A

wudu or tayammum

54
Q

causes of minor ritual impurity

A 
vomiting a mouthful or more 
nose bleed 
regurgitates food 
prostratic fluid
normal secretions from the private parts 
bleeding or any other impurity coming from a part of the body 
sleep
laughing loudly in the prayer
55
Q

sleeping while standing or in the position of the prayer nullifies wudu? true or false

A

false

56
Q

actions forbidden while in a state of impurity

A

prayer
sajdah of recitation
touching the Quran
Tawaf

57
Q

You need wudu/ghusl to read Quran

A

need ghusl to be able to recite Quran

58
Q

You need ghusl/wudu to go inside the mosque

A

need ghusl to go inside the mosque

59
Q

When being in wudu is a recommended sunnah act

A

it is sunnah in a general sense to be in a state of purity at all times
when going to sleep
in a state of janabah, if one intends to eat, drink or sleep

60
Q

recommended times for wudu

A
  1. washing a dead body and carrying it
  2. reciting the Quran or Prophetic traditions
  3. For sacred learning
  4. For visiting the Prophet (pbuh)
  5. when performing the Sa’i
  6. in order to remove oneself from a difference of opinion among scholars
61
Q

Haqiqi = physical/ritual impurity?

A

physcial

62
Q

hukmi = physical/ritual impurity?

A

ritual

63
Q

What is meant by ritual impurity

A

even though the body of a person appears to be free of physical impurities, the person is obligated to perform wudu or ghusl
refers to abstract states rather than physical substances

64
Q

examples of ritual impurities

A

deep sleep
loss of consciousness
passing wind

65
Q

what are the 2 types of ritual impurity

A

major - hadath al akbar

minor - hadath al asghar

66
Q

what causes major ritual impurity

A

Janabah
- emission of sexual fluid which then requires ghusl
- sexual intercourse - ghusl is obligatory upon penetration regardless of ejaculation
Hayd - menstruation
Post natal bleeding
Istihadah - dysfunctional uterine bleeding

67
Q

3 types of fluid, which one requires ghusl?

A

seminal fluid requires ghusl
‘methi’ presexual fluid requires wudu only
post urination liquid only requiring wudu

68
Q

Bleeding during pregnancy - can they continue to pray

A

yes because this is not menstruation

69
Q

any discharge except for white counts as menstruation? true or false

A

true

70
Q

duration of menstruation

A

3-10 days

anything shorter or longer is considered irregular bleeding

71
Q

the shortest legal period of purity between 2 separate periods of menstruation is ??

A

15 days

i.e. there has to be at least 15 days between menstrual cycles

72
Q

duration of post natal bleeding (nifas)

A

no minimum period but maximum of 40 days

once 40 days are complete, she should wash and pray

73
Q

duration of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (istihadah)

A

<3 days
>10 days
or >40 in the case of nifas

74
Q

rulings for women suffering from istihadah

A

she is not prevented from performing normal acts of worship or marital relations
the woman should have done ghusl and then do wudu as normal

75
Q

Acts that are forbidden for those in a state of major ritual impurity

A
  1. prayer
  2. Tawaf
  3. touching or reciting the Quran
  4. entering the masjid
76
Q

rulings on touching or reciting Quran while in a state of major ritual impurity

A

not permissable to touch a mushaf even through one’s garments
non-direct handling of mushaf is allowed, as is staggered or broken reading, reading sections of the Quran with the intention of supplication. It is permitted to touch the mushaf through a cloth covering with the condition that it is not attached to the mushaf itself.
Can read with your eyes or in your mind only.

77
Q

What is considered a majid

A

it is owned and have been endowed to be a mosque and the ownership cannot be transferred back to a private individual

78
Q

There is no prohibition of visiting a musala or the graveyard, true or false

A

true

79
Q

Specific rulings for women in hayd or nifas

A

the obligation to fast or pray is removed

sexual intercourse - the woman must cover between the navel and knees

80
Q

how to remove minor impurity

A

wudu

81
Q

fard elements of wudu

A
  1. washing ones face
  2. washing the arms up to and including the elbows
  3. wiping ones head to at least one quarter of the head area
  4. washing the feet up to and including the ankles
82
Q

Sunnah acts of Wudu

A
  1. intention
  2. mentioning the name of God
  3. washing ones hands before commencing
  4. cleaning ones teeth
  5. gargling mouth with water
  6. taking water into ones nose and blowing it out
  7. washing three times
  8. wiping whole head
  9. wiping ones ears
  10. running ones fingers through the beard
  11. running ones fingers through fingers and toes
  12. rubbing ones limbs while washing them
  13. following the sequence mentioned in the verse of wudu
  14. starting with the right side
  15. non-interrupted acts of wudu
  16. avoiding wasting water
  17. supplicating after performing wudu
83
Q

what is khuff

A

‘leather socks’

84
Q

rulings for wudu and khuff

A

it is fard to wipe over the top of the khuff once an area that is at least 3 fingers in width
it is sunnah to draw all five fingers from the toes over the upper part of the foot to above the ankles

85
Q

the duration for which one may wipe over the khuff is a period of __hr and __hr in the case of a traveller

A

24hr non traveller

72hr traveller

86
Q

wiping over the khuff is/not permitted if one is required to perform ghusl

A

not permitted

87
Q

what nullifies the dispensation of wiping over the khuff

A

elapsing of the designated period of time
removing the khuff from ones feet
requiring ghusl

88
Q

conditions of what constitutes a khuff

A

covers up the area to the ankles

possible to walk wearing the khuff / withstand daily wear and tear

89
Q

what is tayammum

A

process by which one can attain ritual purity by removing both major and minor ritual impurity by the use of dry earth, used when water is unavailable

90
Q

4 conditions for performing tayammum

A
  1. intention
  2. permissable excuse
  3. performed with soil
  4. wiping over whole of face and arms to the elbows
91
Q

types of permissible excuses for

A

lack of water for purification
- >1 mile away
inability to use water

92
Q

if there is the option to find water later on for wudu, is it ok to delay the prayer till then

A

yes, water for wudu is more ideal than tayammum

93
Q

what is used for tayammum

A

pure Earth

94
Q

Sunnah acts for tayammum

A
  1. Bismillah
  2. following the sequence of acts
  3. continuation of the acts without a break
  4. moving the hands to and fro in the soil/ground
  5. shaking the hands of excess dust
  6. spreading open the fingers while striking the Earth
95
Q

what type of illness permits use of tayammum

A

if the illness will be worsened if water is used

96
Q

if you perform tayammum, you can perform all acts of worship?

A

yes

97
Q

what nullifies tayammum

A

all that nullifies wudu

98
Q

injuries - wudu vs tayammum

A

if there are majority scars/injuries then tayammum can be performed

99
Q

you can wipe over badages and plasters in wudu?

A

yes

100
Q

rulings related to people with chrinic illness that leads to a perpetual loss of wudu

A

need only do wudu once for each prayer time

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