Seeking purity Flashcards
What 2 distinct categories is purity divided into
physical substances (haqiqi) ritual states (hukmi)
Attaining purity is a practice that was shared and dates back to previous manifestations of Islam, give an example
Sarah, the wife of p Ibrahim (as)
When was wudu first obligated
The verses regarding wudu were all revealed in Madinah
What are the 2 views on wudu obligation
- Makkah
Majority of scholars hold that wudu was taught and made mandatory on the Prophet (pbuh) after the first revelation of the Quran in Ramadan whilst still in Makkah - Madinah
Others hold the view that it was made fardh in Madinah after the revelation of the verses in sura al Tayammum and that wudu was just ‘recommended’ in Makkah
What can be said about the verse in the Quran relating to wudu which was revealed years after the first revelation in Madinah?
The verses in Madinah reiterated and emphasised the previously practiced actions of wudu in Makkah as well as introducing the idea of Tayammum
ie it clarified that wudu was obligatory
what is tayammum
practiced with water scarcity
used sand for purification
define physical impurity (haqiqi)
any substance whose attributes are deemed impure by Shariah e.g. wine, urine
an actual physical substance which are required to be cleaned and removed
define ritual impurity (hukmi)
a state that occurs due to having entered into what the Shariah views as a state of ritual impurity e.g. deep sleep, loss of consciousness, passing wind
required to purify oneself through cleansing regardless of physical impurities
what are the types of physical impurities
strong and weak
what are strong impurities
when we have proof that a substance is impure, it is considered a strong impurity by default
examples of strong impurities
- all substances that come from the human body that would require one to perform either wudu or ghusl
- blood that flows from the body
- the flesh of dead animals that have not been ritually slaughtered
- the excrement of all animals
- urine and milk of animals whose meat is forbidden to consume
- sweat and saliva of impure animals e.g. pigs and dogs
- grape wine
list substances that come from the human body that would require one to perform wudu or ghusl
blood sperm urine vomit human faeces
strong impurities must be washed off, true or false
true
what are the exceptions on washing off strong impurities
for solid impurities the excusable amount is just under 4g
for liquid impurities, the surface area of a 50p coin is excusable
if any amount of strong impurity falls into water, it renders the water impure and unsuitable for wudu or ghusl, true or false
true
what are the 4 levels of purity? al Ghazali
- Purity from outward filth
- Purity from the wrong actions of the limbs
- Purity of the heart from spiritual diseases - envy, greed
- Purity of soul from other than Allah
whenever you want to pray, your body/clothes/place of prayer has to be free of any physical impurities, true or false
true
3 general rules for the removal of impurities
- visible impurities must be cleaned until the substance is removed (residual staining can be overlooked)
- non-visible impurity - affected area is washed until it is reasonable to assume it has been removed
- the body - istinja’
what is istinja’
cleaning oneself after urinating or defecating
when can istinja’ be a sunnah
if the area of filth is less than what is fard to wash - less than what is excusable
when does istinja’ become fard
if the filth exceeds impurity that is deemed excusable
in such case, water should be used and failure to clean will invalidate any prayer
Purity of clothing e.g. menstrual blood staining clothing
‘scrape it, rub it with water, pour water over it and then pray in it’
what 3 things should be cleaned before praying
body, place, mind
scholarly difference on: urine of a child as a physical impurity
a baby who has not been weaned off of breast milk, the Prophet (pbuh) would say just spray water on it
what schools of thought think urine of a male child is not an impurity
Shafi and Hanbali
what are the thoughts of maliki and hanafi on the urine of a child
urine is urine, there is no difference
Who is An-Nawawi
is a prominent leader in the Shafi’ school
How are impurities removed if the ground is hard
pouring water over the area
how are impurities removed from soft floor furnishings
ensuring the removal of visible impurity, if it is not visible, then the surface is cleaned by rubbing and washing the affected area 3 times
How many general methods of removing impurities are there
there are over 30 methods but the most common
most common methods of removing impurities
water
dust
scraping
wiping
properties of water that makes it suitable for cleaning impurities
flows easily
is ritually pure
has properties that facilitate the removal of impurities
another example of liquid used for cleaning impurities
vinegar
how could you use dust to clean
if you stepped in dog poo, you can rub your shoe off of dust
Scraping
for dried impurities
wiping
smooth surfaces e.g. metal, mirrors
drying (jafaf)
used for exposed earth
the purification for the earth is its becoming dry
tanning (dabgh)
animal skins are purified through a process known as tanning
exceptions to animal skins purification
humans
pigs
define istihala (chemical or physical transformation)
an alteration in the qualities and attributes of impurities to the point that the substance ceases to be deemed impure - since the qualities of impurities no longer remain therein
example of istihala
grapes (ok) –> wine (not ok) –> vinegar (ok)
drinking wine is haram but if wine spills on you, is it an impure substance
majority of scholars have held it to be najis/impure if it lands on your clothing
why is alcohol described as najis
- has been described in the quran as rijs
- verse orders believers to shun wine
- the hadith of abu Thalaba orders the washing of vessels containing wine
why do a minority of scholars say wine is not an impurity
- everything on earth is pure unless proven otherwise
2. the word najis has been used figuratively
view on using synthetic alcohol e.g. handgel, mouthwash…
Many contemporary scholars have reviewed and ruled that it is pure
as it is commercially produced, no one is going to drink it, and relying on the thoughts of minority schools of thought.
Some say it is a weak impurity and other say it is still alcohol and therefore impure
What are the bare essentials of ghusl
- washing of the whole body
- rinsing mouth
- sniffing water into nostrils
rules of washing the whole body
there can be no barrier for the water to reach the skin
Major ritual impurity requires…?
requires one to bathe (ghusl) or perform tayammum
Gargling of water is an emphasised sunnah? true or false
true
water has to reach the roots of you hairs, true or false
true
What are the sunnah acts of ghusl
- saying bismillah
- intention
- washing ones hands before starting
- washing ones private parts
- performing full wudu except for the feet which should be washed at the end of ghusl
- rubbing the body while pouring water all over it
the 4 occasions that ghusl is a sunnah
- Friday prayers
- Eid prayers
- day of Arafah for Hajj
- When donning the ihram for Hajj
Minor ritual impurity requires one to perform?
wudu or tayammum
causes of minor ritual impurity
vomiting a mouthful or more nose bleed regurgitates food prostratic fluid normal secretions from the private parts bleeding or any other impurity coming from a part of the body sleep laughing loudly in the prayer
sleeping while standing or in the position of the prayer nullifies wudu? true or false
false
actions forbidden while in a state of impurity
prayer
sajdah of recitation
touching the Quran
Tawaf
You need wudu/ghusl to read Quran
need ghusl to be able to recite Quran
You need ghusl/wudu to go inside the mosque
need ghusl to go inside the mosque
When being in wudu is a recommended sunnah act
it is sunnah in a general sense to be in a state of purity at all times
when going to sleep
in a state of janabah, if one intends to eat, drink or sleep
recommended times for wudu
- washing a dead body and carrying it
- reciting the Quran or Prophetic traditions
- For sacred learning
- For visiting the Prophet (pbuh)
- when performing the Sa’i
- in order to remove oneself from a difference of opinion among scholars
Haqiqi = physical/ritual impurity?
physcial
hukmi = physical/ritual impurity?
ritual
What is meant by ritual impurity
even though the body of a person appears to be free of physical impurities, the person is obligated to perform wudu or ghusl
refers to abstract states rather than physical substances
examples of ritual impurities
deep sleep
loss of consciousness
passing wind
what are the 2 types of ritual impurity
major - hadath al akbar
minor - hadath al asghar
what causes major ritual impurity
Janabah
- emission of sexual fluid which then requires ghusl
- sexual intercourse - ghusl is obligatory upon penetration regardless of ejaculation
Hayd - menstruation
Post natal bleeding
Istihadah - dysfunctional uterine bleeding
3 types of fluid, which one requires ghusl?
seminal fluid requires ghusl
‘methi’ presexual fluid requires wudu only
post urination liquid only requiring wudu
Bleeding during pregnancy - can they continue to pray
yes because this is not menstruation
any discharge except for white counts as menstruation? true or false
true
duration of menstruation
3-10 days
anything shorter or longer is considered irregular bleeding
the shortest legal period of purity between 2 separate periods of menstruation is ??
15 days
i.e. there has to be at least 15 days between menstrual cycles
duration of post natal bleeding (nifas)
no minimum period but maximum of 40 days
once 40 days are complete, she should wash and pray
duration of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (istihadah)
<3 days
>10 days
or >40 in the case of nifas
rulings for women suffering from istihadah
she is not prevented from performing normal acts of worship or marital relations
the woman should have done ghusl and then do wudu as normal
Acts that are forbidden for those in a state of major ritual impurity
- prayer
- Tawaf
- touching or reciting the Quran
- entering the masjid
rulings on touching or reciting Quran while in a state of major ritual impurity
not permissable to touch a mushaf even through one’s garments
non-direct handling of mushaf is allowed, as is staggered or broken reading, reading sections of the Quran with the intention of supplication. It is permitted to touch the mushaf through a cloth covering with the condition that it is not attached to the mushaf itself.
Can read with your eyes or in your mind only.
What is considered a majid
it is owned and have been endowed to be a mosque and the ownership cannot be transferred back to a private individual
There is no prohibition of visiting a musala or the graveyard, true or false
true
Specific rulings for women in hayd or nifas
the obligation to fast or pray is removed
sexual intercourse - the woman must cover between the navel and knees
how to remove minor impurity
wudu
fard elements of wudu
- washing ones face
- washing the arms up to and including the elbows
- wiping ones head to at least one quarter of the head area
- washing the feet up to and including the ankles
Sunnah acts of Wudu
- intention
- mentioning the name of God
- washing ones hands before commencing
- cleaning ones teeth
- gargling mouth with water
- taking water into ones nose and blowing it out
- washing three times
- wiping whole head
- wiping ones ears
- running ones fingers through the beard
- running ones fingers through fingers and toes
- rubbing ones limbs while washing them
- following the sequence mentioned in the verse of wudu
- starting with the right side
- non-interrupted acts of wudu
- avoiding wasting water
- supplicating after performing wudu
what is khuff
‘leather socks’
rulings for wudu and khuff
it is fard to wipe over the top of the khuff once an area that is at least 3 fingers in width
it is sunnah to draw all five fingers from the toes over the upper part of the foot to above the ankles
the duration for which one may wipe over the khuff is a period of __hr and __hr in the case of a traveller
24hr non traveller
72hr traveller
wiping over the khuff is/not permitted if one is required to perform ghusl
not permitted
what nullifies the dispensation of wiping over the khuff
elapsing of the designated period of time
removing the khuff from ones feet
requiring ghusl
conditions of what constitutes a khuff
covers up the area to the ankles
possible to walk wearing the khuff / withstand daily wear and tear
what is tayammum
process by which one can attain ritual purity by removing both major and minor ritual impurity by the use of dry earth, used when water is unavailable
4 conditions for performing tayammum
- intention
- permissable excuse
- performed with soil
- wiping over whole of face and arms to the elbows
types of permissible excuses for
lack of water for purification
- >1 mile away
inability to use water
if there is the option to find water later on for wudu, is it ok to delay the prayer till then
yes, water for wudu is more ideal than tayammum
what is used for tayammum
pure Earth
Sunnah acts for tayammum
- Bismillah
- following the sequence of acts
- continuation of the acts without a break
- moving the hands to and fro in the soil/ground
- shaking the hands of excess dust
- spreading open the fingers while striking the Earth
what type of illness permits use of tayammum
if the illness will be worsened if water is used
if you perform tayammum, you can perform all acts of worship?
yes
what nullifies tayammum
all that nullifies wudu
injuries - wudu vs tayammum
if there are majority scars/injuries then tayammum can be performed
you can wipe over badages and plasters in wudu?
yes
rulings related to people with chrinic illness that leads to a perpetual loss of wudu
need only do wudu once for each prayer time
