Seeds of Revolution 1754 - 1776 Flashcards
Compare the French and Indian war with the Seven Years War. What are the major differences?
None
They are the same war. They have two names that are often used interchangeably.
Define:
Salutary neglect.
Salutary neglect describes the hands-off policy the British adopted towards the colonies prior to 1763. The British did not enforce parliamentary law or interfere in trade.
This resulted in the colonists becoming more self-reliant and independent.
What was the French and Indian War?
The war was fought by the British mainly for control of the colonial frontier.
The French and Indian War (1754-1763) was fought by the British against France and Indian tribes that were allied to the French. Victory in the war gave the English control of Canada and the entire Mississippi River valley, while limiting France to their small colony in present-day Haiti.
What does George Washington have to do with the Seven Years War/French Indian War?
He fought in the war and gained his most important pre-revolutionary military experience during this conflict.
As a result of this, it made him the best-known soldier among the colonies.
Complete the sentence:
The _______ ___ _______ resolved the French and Indian War in 1763.
Treaty of Paris (1763)
The Treaty gave control of North America up to the Mississippi River and the entirety of Canada to the British.
What was Pontiac’s Rebellion?
Pontiac’s Rebellion was an attack by a group of allied Native American tribes against British outposts who were protecting settlers who were flooding the area west of the Appalachian mountains.
In response, the British issued the Proclamation of 1763, which banned colonization west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British did this to save on the military costs of having to protect settlers.
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
In response to Pontiac’s Rebellion, the Proclamation of 1763 banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
The area from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River was set aside as reserved for the Native Americans.
How did the Proclamation of 1763 mark a change in relations between Britain and the American colonies?
The Proclamation of 1763 marked the end of the period of salutary neglect, and marked the first time the British directly interfered with colonial affairs.
Further British interference would come in the form of taxation, as the British government sought to have the American colonies pay for some of the costs of the French and Indian War.
Who was Lord George Grenville?
Grenville was Prime Minister of Great Britain between 1763-1765.
As Prime Minister, he was responsible for the Stamp Act, Sugar Act, and Quartering Act. Grenville believed that the colonists in the 13 colonies had an obligation to pay more in taxes because the government protected them during the French and Indian War.
What were the Writs of Assistance?
Writs of Assistance were general search warrants designed to stop smuggling.
They allowed British customs agents to search wherever they pleased and without having to pay for any damages. So if you were walking down the street, one of these British customs agents could go to you and search your belongings without your consent, damaging some of them, and it was 100% legal, so long as they showed that they have a Writ of Assistance. So it’s basically a vague warrant.
James Otis argued that the writs violated natural law, and many Americans felt that Writs of Assistance infringed upon their rights as British subjects.
What was the Stamp Act?
The Stamp Act required the purchase of a stamp for newspapers, advertisements, and legal documents.
What were the terms of the Sugar Act?
The Sugar Act increased taxes on luxuries such as sugar.
It also provided for stronger enforcement of the Navigation Acts; any smugglers caught would be tried by an admiralty court, without a jury.
Complete the sentence:
The _______ _____ required that Americans house and feed British troops.
Quartering Act
Between 1764-1765, the British government passed the Sugar Act, the Quartering Act, and the Stamp Act, which met with hostility in the American colonies.
Q: Why did the British government pass these acts?
The three acts were passed to increase revenue from and decrease costs of the North American colonies to the British government after the British amassed a large debt from the French and Indian War.
The Sugar Act and the Stamp Act increased colonial taxes (revenues). The Quartering Act, which required colonists to house and feed British soldiers, decreased costs.
What were the Virginia Resolves?
Passed by Virginia’s House of Burgesses (Virginia’s Colonial Government), the British government had no right to tax the people without their consent.
What was the Stamp Act Congress?
Called in 1765 by James Otis of Massachusetts, representatives of nine colonial governments attended the Stamp Act Congress to protest the British government’s taxes on the American colonies.
The Stamp Act Congress resolved that only elected representatives had the power to tax citizens.
Who were the Sons and Daughters of Liberty?
The Sons and Daughters of Liberty were a secret society opposed to the Stamp Act.
The Sons of Liberty regularly intimidated and tarred and feathered British tax agents, as well as destroying private property and property that belonged to the British government. As the Revolutionary War approached, it served as a shadow government dedicated to independence.
How did most Americans respond to the Stamp Act?
American outrage at the Stamp Act proved a unifying force throughout the colonies. People started to forget the things that made them different and started to focus on issues that concerned all of the 13 colonies.
From 1764-1765, many American colonists boycotted British goods in response to the Stamp Act.
Q: How did the British react?
The boycott severely impacted British trade and merchants pressured the British government into repealing the Stamp Act.
Britain repealed the Stamp Act in 1766, although the British government also passed the Declaratory Act at the same time.
What was the Declaratory Act?
The Declaratory Act (1766) reaffirmed the power of the British government to tax and make laws for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.” Passed along with the repeal of the Stamp Act, few noticed the reaffirmation of the British taxing power.
Complete the sentence:
In 1767, the British government passed the _______ _____, which established new taxes on paper, tea, and glass, suspended New York’s colonial government, and gave British customs officials the power to issue writs of assistance.
Townshend Acts
The Acts were named for Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who was responsible for raising revenue for the British government.
Who wrote Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer in 1767?
John Dickinson wrote Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer.
In it, Dickinson argued that even though the Townshend Acts were indirect taxes, they violated English law. They were impermissible because they were enacted by a government body in which the colonies were not represented.
Parliament repealed most of the Townshend Acts in 1770, after pressure from a new Prime Minister, Lord North.
Q: What was the only tax retained?
As a face-saving measure, Parliament retained a small tax on tea.
Who wrote a poem in 1770 on the death of George Whitefield?
Phillis Wheatly
She was the first Black American in US History to publish anything on poetry, and the second woman in US history to do so as well.
George Whitefield was a person of great notoriety in the 13 colonies and in England for his Christian ministry throughout the 1st Great Awakening.
