SEE T6 Migration Flashcards
MIGRATion some fact
decline of population growth since 1960
net immigration since the late 1980s
Internal migration :
Significant outflow from eastern european member states but europeans dont do much migrating
why European dond do much migrating ?
the free movement of workers was
key element of treaty of Rome
what is exactly labour shortage ?
free movements of persons
citizens directive of 2004
why restrict immigration
to avoid possible migration shock
35% people (out of 2 mln easteuropeans)
who live in Germany are from
Poland
immigration from outside the europe is very important.
why?
immigrants from outside the union are a major share of the total stock of migrants
nowadays native population …
decreases and immigration increases
The case of spain after EU12
migration boom most of them from Africa and Latin America. imbalances in the process
in 2020 over 23 mln were no ue citizens so
5% of 447 mln people living in ue in general
2015 what happened
mass migration to Europe,specially from Syria
what happened in 1951
geneva convention on the protection of refugees
CEAS
the common european asylum system
What is marginal productivity of labour ? (MPL)
economic of labour market integration…
focuses on how immigration tends to affect the sending and receiving nations.
without labour mobility
the allocation of productive factors was unefficient
complementarity of migrants and native factors of production
provides a win-win situation
why win-win situation?
firms can pay less for salaries ( more people unskilled) and people can have higher wages 9 cost of the rooms in hostel fell so firms want to expand and look for skilled workers and capital)
of unskilled workers increaes ( with lower price but good for them) then demand for skilled workers increases :)
complementarity
foreign workers choose the jobs which are not so popular among domestic workers
or just getting a position which better suits your abilities and knowledge
presence of more skilled foreign workers
increases productivity of unskilled workers ( situation with american entrepreneur who went to IRELAND
1% rise in supply of migrants …
changes native wages by +/- 1%
it is not obvious
that immigration always lowers wages
increase or decrease of risk of unemployment
depending on type of workers:
or without any effect on unemployment
total employment can rise with immigrants because
how is it possible?
the drop in native employments is smaller than number of immigrants so total employments is higer( more people to work)
drop of native wages - - firms produce more output - - expand jobs
in spain during the booming years
immigration allowed Spanish workers to undertake higher- paying jobs
Two key results emerge:
- immigration is likely to raise employment and national income;
- immigration is unlikely to affect unemployment in either direction.
Still, there is low mobility within EU:
Restrictions for new EU members’ nationals mobility;
- Differing pensions systems;
- Unemployment benefits;
- Regulated professions;
- Language, housing, health systems, etc.
why there was the instability of migration trends in Spain?
Basic economic theory cannot explain
equilibrium with
unemployment. Regulation, “efficiency wages” and “implicit
contracts” help doing so.
wage rigidity helps explaining how economic cycles seriously affect employment and unemployment. However:
– Important wage differences exist.
– Wages have also suffered the effects of the crisis.
EU labour markets may not be fully integrated. And Spanish ones?
Migration creates winners and losers, but
but improves overall
efficiency in the labour market.
There is somewhat of a paradox in the EU, as
as most migrants come
from third (non-EU) countries.
Regarding migration, the Spanish case outstands because of a historical immigration boom,
followed by highly volatile(zmienny) migration
rates.
