Sedimentology and stratigraphy

Question 1

Sediment

Answer 1

unconsolidated material that is produced on earths surface by the disaggregation of pre existing rocks

Question 2

Sedimentary rocks

Answer 2

a consolidated body formed of sediments or solutes that are transported and deposited by gravity, biologic activity or a fluid then lithified by compaction and cementation

Question 3

Clastic

Answer 3

formed by mechanical transport and deposition of preexisting rocks then lithified

Question 4

Chemical

Answer 4

precipitation from solution

Question 5

Law of Superposition

Answer 5

oldest strata at the bottom

Question 6

Law of Original Horizontality

Answer 6

sediments laid down in strata are horizontal

Question 7

Law of Lateral Continuity

Answer 7

Layers of sediment initially extend laterally in all directions

Question 8

Angular unconformity

Answer 8

Younger sedimentary rocks on older, tilted sedimentary rocks

Question 9

Principle of Cross cutting relationships

Answer 9

Thing that is cutting through is younger

Question 10

Principle of Faunal Succession

Answer 10

Rocks with older fossils are older

Question 11

Walther’s Law

Answer 11

Distinctive strata that conformably overlie one
another must have accumulated in adjacent
depositional environments

Question 12

Disconformity

Answer 12

An unconformity between parallel
layers of sedimentary rocks which represents a
period of erosion or non-deposition

Question 13

Non-conformity

Answer 13

Layered sedimentary rocks on unlayered metamorphic and igneous rocks

Question 14

Correlation

Answer 14

Establishing the equivalence of rocks of similar age in
different areas, the matching of rock units relative to
geological time