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Geo Rocks > Sedimentary Rocks 30 > Flashcards

Sedimentary Rocks 30 Flashcards

1
Q

Two irish examples

A

Limestone - burren Co.Claire

Sandstone - Co.Cork

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2
Q

When are rocks formed

A

Formed when sediments at the bottom of the sea are compressed,compacted and cemented together naturally

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3
Q

What do sediments include

A

Small rock particles
Sand,clay
Plant and animal remains

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4
Q

What is lithification

A

Process of compaction and cementation where sediments are compressed together by the weight of over lying sediments
Silica and calcite stick them together

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5
Q

What two minerals stick rocks together

A

Calcite and silica leak from grains and stick sediments together to form solid rock

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6
Q

What are strata

A

Layers of rocks

These strata are separated by bedding planes

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7
Q

What are bedding planes

A

Horizontal cracks between layers of sedimentary rocks

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8
Q

What are joints

A

Vertical lines of weakness throughout limestone that were formed when rock was compressed by plate movements

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9
Q

How does water move through limestone

A

Down through joints

Alone bedding plants and again down through joints

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10
Q

What is stratification

A

Series of layers (strata)

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11
Q

Name the 3 sedimentary rocks

A

Organic, inorganic and chemically

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12
Q

What are organic rocks made up of

A

Dead plant and animal remains compacted together from calcite from shells and bones

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13
Q

Two examples of organic rocks

A

Limestone

Chalk (a pure white form of limestone) Giants causeway

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14
Q

What is chalk and where can it be found

A

Chalk is a pure white form of limestone

Giants causeway Co.Antrim

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15
Q

What are inorganic rocks made of

A

Form from the lithification of rock fragments

Compacted by silica from remains of pre existing rocks

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16
Q

Two examples of inorganic rock

A

Sand stone Co.cork
Mudstone
Shale (Co.Claire)

17
Q

How and when was irish old red sand stone formed

A

> 400-350 million years ago
Ireland lay 30 degrees of equator, hot desert climate
when huge river carrying sediments that would eventually turn into sandstone flowed over this dry landscape Old red sandstone was formed
can be found in cork and Kerry mountains

18
Q

How are chemically formed rocks formed

A

> water from sea/enclosed lakes evaporates

>sediments are compacted by weight of mud and sand and stratified rocks are formed

19
Q

Example of chemically formed rock and use

A

Gypsum Co.Cavan

Used in manufacturing of cement

20
Q

What colour is limestone and what is a use

A

Grey

Used in cement

21
Q

How is limestone weathered

A

Weathered by rainwater in a process called carbonation
As rain fall through athmosphere it soaks through soil is absorbs carbon dioxide
This forms a weak carbonic acid
This slowly dissolves the limestone

22
Q

Where can weathered limestone be seen

A

Evident in karst areas eg burren co.claire where limestone rock has been exposed

23
Q

How is limestone pavement formed

A

Joints are widened and deepened to become grikes
The many slabs separating these grikes are called clints
This feature is a limestone pavement

24
Q

What happens when a river flows over limestone pavement

A

Disappear through enlarged joints called swallow holes
As the rain moves through the permeable limestone it is
Dissolving rock (carbonation)
Eroding (hydraulic action)

25
Q

What may happen to bedding plane over time

A

May enlarge into caves and caverns

26
Q

What do limestone caves contain

A 
Many dripstone features formed by water containing dissolved limestone 
Stalactites- ceiling
Stalagmites - ground
Pillars - they both meet
Allwee caves Co.claire
27
Q

How are blow holes formed

A

Joints may be eroded by compressed air which will form a blow hole

28
Q

Diagrams

A

Lithification

Coast

Geo Rocks (6 decks)

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