Sedimentary Rocks Flashcards
Lithification
The process by which sedimentary rock forms from sediment
The three steps of lithification
Compaction
Dewatering
Cementation
Compaction
Reducesthe amount of space between sediment grains, packing them closer together
Dewatering
The process whereby water is squeezed out of a forming sedimentary rock
Cementation
The process whereby sediment grains are glued together
The most common sediments [which glue sediment grains together]
Quartz, calcite, and hematite
Types of sedimentary rocks
Clastic (detrital)
Chemical
Organic
Clastic/detrital sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks made of pieces of other rock
Chemical sedimentary rocks
Created by a chemical process
Organic sedimentary rocks
Originally come from living things
[Types of sedimentary deposits] (??)
Allochthonous (Moved)
Autochthonous (In Place)
Sedimentary fabric types
Clasts
Matrix
Matrix-supported
Grain-supported
Clasts
Rocks/fossils within a sedimentary rock
Matrix
The stuff surrounding the clasts
Matrix-supported
Clasts are suspended in clay- or silt-sized particles
Grain-supported
particles are suspended in sand or pebbles or something larger
Examples of clastic sedimentary rocks
Shale
Siltstone
Sandstone
Conglomerates (consist of rounded clasts)
Breccias (consist of angular clasts)
Shale and Siltstone are types of ___
mudstone
Examples of chemical sedimentary rocks
Halite
Gypsum
Travertine limestone
Dolostone
Chert (Flint)
