Sediment and Sedimentation

Question 1

It is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processed of weathering and erosion and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particle itself

Answer 1

Sediment

Question 2

Sources of sedimentation

Answer 2

Land clearing
Unsealed roads
In-stream disturbance
Agricultural activity
Mining
Other activities

Question 3

Characteristics of sediments (A. Particle classes)

Answer 3

Primarily clay, primarily silt, small aggregate, large aggregate, primary sand

Question 4

Characteristics of sediments (B. At detachment)

Answer 4

Distribution of classes function of texture
Diameter of small and large aggregates function of texture

Question 5

Characteristics of sediments (C. After deposition)

Answer 5

Sediment enriched in fines

Question 6

Flowing water transports sediments as:

Answer 6

Bedload
Suspended load
Wash load
Bed material load

Question 7

grains rolling, sliding, and/or saltating in frequent or continuous contact with bed

Answer 7

bedload

Question 8

it is the transport of sediments by hopping and bouncing along the channel bed

Answer 8

saltation

Question 9

grains in suspension above the bed for extended periods of time

Answer 9

suspended load

Question 10

that part of the suspended load that is not found in the bed

Answer 10

wash load

Question 11

the fine fraction which is mostly in suspension

Answer 11

wash load

Question 12

the coarse fraction normally found in the bed

Answer 12

bed material load

Question 13

concentration of sediments in a stream ____ with distance up from the bed

Answer 13

decreases

Question 14

at any given point, the upward flow of water will have _____ than the downward flow

Answer 14

higher sediment concentration

Question 15

Under steady state condition, the rate of sediment upward flow due to turbulent diffusion is ______ to the downward flow rate due to the ________

Answer 15

equal, settling action of gravity

Question 16

the common methods of estimating the sediment discharges of rivers include:

Answer 16

1. Actual monitoring of the sediment load through sediment sampling
2. Using sediment discharge formulas
3. Other sampling technique

Question 17

can be depth-integrated or point sampling (taken at fixed depth from the river bottom)

Answer 17

sediment sampling

Question 18

ratio of the dry weight of sediment to total weight of the sample, expressed in parts per million or mg per liter

Answer 18

sediment concentration

Question 19

also used to estimate the sediment loads on days when no measurements are available

Answer 19

rating curve (relating suspended-sediment discharge and water discharge)

Question 20

what is the formula in getting sediment discharge per unit channel

Answer 20

see pdf for details

Question 21

formula in getting the velocity at any depth

Answer 21

see pdf for details

Question 22

sediment discharge formulas

Answer 22

Meyer-Peter
Schoklitsch
Shields
duBoys
Einstein-Brown
Kalinske

Question 23

the sediment carrying capacity of a stream is proportional to the water discharge raised to a certain power

Answer 23

skl

Question 24

the rate at which the capacity of a reservoir is reduced by sedimentation depends on:

Answer 24

*the quantity of sediment flow
*the percentage of this inflow trapped in the reservoir
*the density of the deposited sediment

Question 25

the volume occupied by the sediment in the reservoir will depend on:

Answer 25

the specific weight of the deposited material

Question 26

the exceptionally high sedimentation rate in the mountainous Agno RIver Watershed in the country has affected dam operations on the Ambuklao and Binga reservoirs

Answer 26

share ko lang

Question 27

give up na di lagi ka kapasar

Answer 27

charot