Sedentarization Flashcards
What is a process?
When a change occurs in several steps over a period (usually long) period of time. It often ends in “(a)Tion”. Ex. Sedentarization, diversification, evolution, etc. Adolescence is an example too.
For the process of sedentarizaton: It went from Palaeolithic to…
Neolithic
For the process of sedentarizaton: It went from Nomadic to…
Sedentary
For the process of sedentarizaton: It went from hunting, fishing, foraging to…
Agriculture
Does Palaeolithic or Neolithic period come first?
Palaeolithic
In which period were homosapiens developed?
Palaeolithic period
Fill in the blank: The palaeolithic people lived, travelled and collected resources in ______ ______.
Small groups
What did the resources depend on? (3 answers)
Season, plant life cycle, and migration patterns
Fill in the blank: Palaeolithic people had to have ____ ____ to be able to move with homes easily (if they’re portable). ____ is one example.
Temporary dwellings
Tipi
Humans had to adapt to the environmental conditions according to what?
Weather and availability of resources .
Why were the palaeolithic people always on the move?
For food and safety
From what materials were tools made from?
Wood, bone, and stone
T or F: The palaeolithic people knew how to start and control a fire. If yes, how did it benefit them?
True, gave them protection and heat
During what period was language developed, Neolithic or palaeolithic period?
Palaeolithic
Fill in the blank: The palaeolithic period was ____ and ____.
Nomadic and unstable
Fill i the blank: The Fertile Crescent is where people transitioned from a ____ to ____ lifestyle.
Nomadic to sedentary
What are the four main features of the Fertile Crescent?
1- Fertile soil (many intervals, nutrients, and its moist —> from the water sources from…)
2- …The 2 major rivers: Tigris and Euphrates
3- Mild climate
4- Food is available and the conditions in which to grow it (agriculture develops).
Why is the Fertile Crescent the birthplace of civilization?
Due to the 4 main features.
Where is the Fertile Crescent located?
In the Middle East between Africa and Asia.
The two major rivers on the Fertile Crescent: Tigris and Euphrates… which is located on the top and which is on the bottom?
Tigris- top
Euphrates- bottom
What years did the Neolithic Tim period take place?
10,000 BCE- 3500 BCE
Why was climate change occurring in the Neolithic period?
Due to the end of the ice age. (Mild temperatures—> melted ice—> rain = bodies of water => fertile soil
What happens to some animals so they can adapt to the environment? (3 answers)
- go north
- die (ex. Wooly Mammoth)
- arrive (typically small animals)
What are some animals attracted to in a new environment? (4 answers)
Climate, water, fish, and organisms
Why did we experiment with the domestication of animals?
To keep, train them, livestock
What was a key discovery in the Neolithic period? (3)
- Seeds grow into plants
- control plant production
- start to experiment with crop growing
What does domestication and growing of plants lead to?
A controlled, more stable lifestyle
Fill in the blank: A creation of a sedentary lifestyle requires ____ ____ in the Neolithic era.
Settling permanently
Why was bone used to create tools?
For polishing and making sharper metal
When did the palaeolithic period start and end?
2,500,000 BCE -10,000 BCE
Fill in the blanks: Paleolithic period had…
1) Appearance of the first _____.
2) Development of ____.
3) Mastery of ____.
4) Production of the first ____.
1- humans
2-languages
3-fire
4-tools
Paleolithic way of life: Fill in the blank: Humans were ____ (on the move)
Nomadic
Paleolithic subsistence activities: Fill in the blank: Humans lived by ____, ____, and ____.
Hunting, fishing, and foraging (gathering/searching)
Paleolithic dwellings: Fill in the blank: Temporary such as: ____, ____, and caves.
Tents, huts
What were nomadic people known as?
Nomads
What does homo and sapien mean?
Homo: human
Sapien: intelligent
What did the food available vary to?
Seasons and territories where hunter-gathers lived
Why were humans of the palaeolithic era not always able to hunt and forage in one place?
They moved around depending on the resources available in the territory or if they stayed in the same place, resources will become scarce
What were the effects of agriculture
-Food: surplus amount of food, and there was enough to eat when harvests were poor
-Food and sedentary life: Women had more children
=significant population growth
What is the division of labour? What what are the 2 categories?
Since there was enough food for everyone, it wasn’t nessecary for everyone to work in the fields. Jobs were farmers: food production (crops and livestock farming) and artisans: production of objects (pots, tools, clothing, etc)
What were the types of craft productions? (4)
Pottery, basket weaving, weaving, metallurgy
What are example(s) of pottery and what’s it used for?
Fired clay pots and vases used for storage and cooking
What are example(s) of basket weaving and what’s it used for?
Baskets and woven objects used for storage and transport
What are example(s) of weaving and what’s it used for?
Fabrics used for production of clothing and other objects
What are example(s) of metallurgy and what’s it used for?
Metal for tool and weapons used of hunting, agricultural work, clearing land of trees, defence
What did the division of labor lead to? Give examples.
Trading/bartering. Farmers provided food to artisans in exchange for the items artisans produced . Through barter, farmers could acquire better farming tools, and artisans received food to ensure their family’s survival.
Explain how barter emerged in the Neolithic period using a artisans perspective. (3)
- Food surpluses led to a division of labour
- Artisans did not produce food, but only objects
- Artisans had to exchange the objects they made to get food, in order to survive.
What caused the division of labour in the Neolithic period?
Because there was agricultural surpluses
What is social hierarchy?
Classification of groups of people who make up a society, ranging from the most to the least powerful.
What is power (in terms of societies)?
Particular authority or influence attributed to individuals.
What are the types of relationships?
Family, friendly, professional, commercial
What are the 3 categories (sectors of economic activity) in the division of labour?
Primary, secondary, tertiary
