Sedatives Flashcards
What are the three types of sedative drugs?
Phenothiazines, Butyrophenones, and Benzodiazepines
How do Phenothiazines work?
Work primarily as dopamine receptor agonists.
What modes of delivery can you use with Phenothiazines?
IV, IM, SQ, or PO
Low oral bioavailability
T/F Phenothiazines are highly protein bound and can cross the BBB
True.
What effect do Phenothiazines have on dogs with a MDR1 gene mutation?
More pronounced response and longer duration.
What effect do Phenothiazines have on the CNS?
Blocking dopamine in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain causes anti-emesis (antivomiting) and blocking dopamine in the hypothalamus disrupts hypothermia and causes release of prolactin.
What effect do Phenothiazines have on the ANS?
Vasodilation and hypotension because it blocks alpha - 1 receptors. Vasodilation also made worse when epinephrine is uninhibited.
What effect do Phenothiazines have on the cardiovascular system?
Hypotension mainly. Bradycardia leading to reflex tachycardia also.
***Boxers are particularly sensitive to the cardiovascular effects of acepromazine
What effect do Phenothiazines have on the Respiratory system?
minimal effects
What effect do Phenothiazines have on the skeletal muscle system?
moderate muscle relaxation
What effect do Phenothiazines have on analgesia?
do NOT provide analgesia
What receptors does Acepromazine target?
Dopamine receptors (some blocking of alpha 1 as well)
What is Acepromazine used for?
Sedation, chemical restraint, NOT ANALGESIA
Cautions using acepromazine?
Could cause hypotension, boxers are particularly sensitive, dogs with MDR1 gene mutations are sensitive, and penile injury in stallions. (shouldnt be used in food animal)
Can cause aggression
What type of drug is acepromazine?
Phenothiazine - Dopamine receptor antagonist
Chlorpromazine/Prochlorperazine are mainly used for?
Anti-emetic (Antivomit) and rarely sedation
Cautions while using Chlorpromazine/Prochlorperazine?
Hypotension
What type of drugs are Chlorpromazine/Prochlorperazine?
Phenothiazine - Dopamine receptor antagonist
What is Trimeprazine used for?
antihistamine effect.
What type of drug is Trimeprazine?
Phenothiazine - Dopamine receptor antagonist
What are extrapyrimidal symptoms?
Side effect of drugs that block dopamine, involuntary muscle activity in posture muscles.
What are Butyrophenones?
Also dopamine receptor antagonists, used as antipsychotic medicine.
What is Azaperone used for?
Reducing aggresion in pigs
What type of drug is Azaperone?
Butyrophenone - Dopamine receptor antagonist
What is Haloperidol used for?
Control feather picking in birds
What type of drug is Haloperidol?
Butyrophenone - Dopamine receptor antagonist
What is the mechanism of action for Benzodiazepines?
Potentiate GABA receptors and decrease neuronal firing
What mode of delivery is best for diazepam?
IV. IM injections are painful.
Cautions while using diazepam?
Can cause hepatic necrosis in Cats and adhere to plastic so should not be stored in plastic syringes.
What effects do Benzodiazepines have on the CNS?
Sedative hypnotic effects, even more effective in ruminants.
T/F Benzodiazepines cause analgesia
False.
Benzodiazepines DO NOT cause analgesia
What is Diazepam used for?
Anaesthetic premed, seizure control, muscle relaxant and appetite stimulant.
What type of drug is Diazepam?
Benzodiazepine - GABA receptor promoter
What is Midazolam used for?
IM replacement of Diazepam
What type of drug is Midazolam?
Benzodiazepine - GABA receptor promoter
What is Flumazenil used for?
REVERSAL agent for Benzodiazepines
What type of drug is Flumazenil?
Benzodiazepine ANTAGONIST
