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Pharmacology Exam 2 > Sedatives > Flashcards

Sedatives Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of sedative drugs?

A

Phenothiazines, Butyrophenones, and Benzodiazepines

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2
Q

How do Phenothiazines work?

A

Work primarily as dopamine receptor agonists.

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3
Q

What modes of delivery can you use with Phenothiazines?

A

IV, IM, SQ, or PO

Low oral bioavailability

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4
Q

T/F Phenothiazines are highly protein bound and can cross the BBB

A

True.

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5
Q

What effect do Phenothiazines have on dogs with a MDR1 gene mutation?

A

More pronounced response and longer duration.

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6
Q

What effect do Phenothiazines have on the CNS?

A

Blocking dopamine in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain causes anti-emesis (antivomiting) and blocking dopamine in the hypothalamus disrupts hypothermia and causes release of prolactin.

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7
Q

What effect do Phenothiazines have on the ANS?

A

Vasodilation and hypotension because it blocks alpha - 1 receptors. Vasodilation also made worse when epinephrine is uninhibited.

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8
Q

What effect do Phenothiazines have on the cardiovascular system?

A

Hypotension mainly. Bradycardia leading to reflex tachycardia also.

***Boxers are particularly sensitive to the cardiovascular effects of acepromazine

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9
Q

What effect do Phenothiazines have on the Respiratory system?

A

minimal effects

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10
Q

What effect do Phenothiazines have on the skeletal muscle system?

A

moderate muscle relaxation

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11
Q

What effect do Phenothiazines have on analgesia?

A

do NOT provide analgesia

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12
Q

What receptors does Acepromazine target?

A

Dopamine receptors (some blocking of alpha 1 as well)

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13
Q

What is Acepromazine used for?

A

Sedation, chemical restraint, NOT ANALGESIA

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14
Q

Cautions using acepromazine?

A

Could cause hypotension, boxers are particularly sensitive, dogs with MDR1 gene mutations are sensitive, and penile injury in stallions. (shouldnt be used in food animal)

Can cause aggression

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15
Q

What type of drug is acepromazine?

A

Phenothiazine - Dopamine receptor antagonist

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16
Q

Chlorpromazine/Prochlorperazine are mainly used for?

A

Anti-emetic (Antivomit) and rarely sedation

17
Q

Cautions while using Chlorpromazine/Prochlorperazine?

A

Hypotension

18
Q

What type of drugs are Chlorpromazine/Prochlorperazine?

A

Phenothiazine - Dopamine receptor antagonist

19
Q

What is Trimeprazine used for?

A

antihistamine effect.

20
Q

What type of drug is Trimeprazine?

A

Phenothiazine - Dopamine receptor antagonist

21
Q

What are extrapyrimidal symptoms?

A

Side effect of drugs that block dopamine, involuntary muscle activity in posture muscles.

22
Q

What are Butyrophenones?

A

Also dopamine receptor antagonists, used as antipsychotic medicine.

23
Q

What is Azaperone used for?

A

Reducing aggresion in pigs

24
Q

What type of drug is Azaperone?

A

Butyrophenone - Dopamine receptor antagonist

25
Q

What is Haloperidol used for?

A

Control feather picking in birds

26
Q

What type of drug is Haloperidol?

A

Butyrophenone - Dopamine receptor antagonist

27
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Benzodiazepines?

A

Potentiate GABA receptors and decrease neuronal firing

28
Q

What mode of delivery is best for diazepam?

A

IV. IM injections are painful.

29
Q

Cautions while using diazepam?

A

Can cause hepatic necrosis in Cats and adhere to plastic so should not be stored in plastic syringes.

30
Q

What effects do Benzodiazepines have on the CNS?

A

Sedative hypnotic effects, even more effective in ruminants.

31
Q

T/F Benzodiazepines cause analgesia

A

False.

Benzodiazepines DO NOT cause analgesia

32
Q

What is Diazepam used for?

A

Anaesthetic premed, seizure control, muscle relaxant and appetite stimulant.

33
Q

What type of drug is Diazepam?

A

Benzodiazepine - GABA receptor promoter

34
Q

What is Midazolam used for?

A

IM replacement of Diazepam

35
Q

What type of drug is Midazolam?

A

Benzodiazepine - GABA receptor promoter

36
Q

What is Flumazenil used for?

A

REVERSAL agent for Benzodiazepines

37
Q

What type of drug is Flumazenil?

A

Benzodiazepine ANTAGONIST

Pharmacology Exam 2 (8 decks)

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