Sedative Hypnotic, Anti-anxiety, and central acting Muscle Relaxing drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general progression of the CNS-depressing effects of these drugs?

A
anxiolysis
sedation
hypnosis
anesthesia
respiratory failure
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2
Q

What is a muscle spasm?

A

when the excitatory input overwhelms the inhibitory input

the result of faulty coordination of the spinal cord mediated reflex arc mediating control of movement.

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3
Q

What are the two main classes of drugs of the sedative-hypnotic and anti-anxiety drugs?

A

barbiturates and benzodiazapines

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4
Q

Both barbiturates and benzodiazepines increase ___ conductance via the action at ___-_ receptors.

A

Cl-; GABA-A

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5
Q

What type of receptor is GABA-A? GABA-B?

A

A: ligand gated ion channel
B: G protein coupled receptor

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6
Q

GABA-___ receptors hyperpolarize by activating ___ channels via ___. They also diminish ___ entry into cells.

A

B: K: GbetaGgamma; Ca2+

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7
Q

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are ___ regulators of GABA-___ receptors.

A

allosteric; A

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8
Q

T/F. Benzodiazepines increase the duration of GABA-mediated channel opening.

A

False, BARBITURATES increase the duration of GABA-mediated channel opening. Benzos increase the FREQUENCY of these channels opening.

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9
Q

T/F. Both barbiturates and benzodiazepines produce hyperpolarization and decrease excitability.

A

True.

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10
Q

Like ACh receptors, GABA-A receptors are ___.

A

heterogeneous

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11
Q

T/F. Benzodiazepines are more toxic than barbiturates.

A

False, barbituates are more toxic than Benzodiazepines.

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12
Q

___ ___ by benzodiazepines is not a problem by itself but it is if used with opioids.

A

Respiratory depression

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13
Q

What benzodiazepine antagonist is used to treat overdose?

A

Flumazenil

IV administration can reverse in 1-2 minutes

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14
Q

Why did benzodiazepines largely replace tranquilizers?

A

less potential for abuse (less likely to produce dependence)

better therapeutic index

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15
Q

___ is a non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic that is structurally unrelated but binds to the same site.

A

Zolpidem (ambien)

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16
Q

What system is especially sensitive to barbiturates?

A

reticular formation

17
Q

Match which drug would be give in a given dental setting:

A. Barbiturates
B. Benzodiazepines
C. Benzo in conjunction with local anesthetics

  1. sedative-hypnotic drug
  2. drugs to treat anxiety/retrograde amnesia
  3. drugs to treat anesthetic-induced seizures
A

1 - A
2 - C
3 - B

18
Q

___ ___ are the first line of treatment for bipolar disease. It is more effective in treating ___. How do they work?

A

Lithium salts; mania

unclear