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Computer science - Security and ethics > Security issues > Flashcards

Security issues Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a virus?

A

Program or program code that replicates itself with the intention of corrupting or deleting files.

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2
Q

What are the tasks carried out by anti-virus software (6)?

A
  • They can delete a virus
  • They can quarantine a virus
  • They can scan files for viruses
  • Can run a scheduled scan
  • They notify a user of a possible virus
  • Can constantly run in the background
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3
Q

How can you reduce the risk of getting your computer infected with a virus ( 5 ways)?

A
  • Use a firewall
  • Use a proxy server
  • Do not download files or software from unknown sources
  • Do not share external storage devices
  • Take care when opening attachments or files
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4
Q

How can you protect from hacking (3 ways)?

A

Passwords: these should be changed regularly and made stronger.

The account should lock out after a set number of attempts.

Use Firewalls

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5
Q

What is spam?

A

Unwanted emails sent to large numbers of people. They are used for advertising or spreading malware.

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6
Q

What does two step verification do?

A

Prevents passwords from being obtained using a key logger / spyware

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7
Q

What is hacking?

A

The act of gaining illegal access to a computer system

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8
Q

What is cracking?

A

When someone edits programme source code so that the code can be changed or exploited for a specific purpose, usually one that is malicious, such as taking the user to a specific website

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9
Q

What is phishing?

A

A creator sends out a legitimate-looking email to a user. When the user clicks a link in the email they are sent to a fake website without their knowledge.

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10
Q

How can you prevent phishing (2)

A
  • Use firewall to block access to fake website

- Don’t open emails/attachments from unknown senders.

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11
Q

What is pharming?

A

Malicious code is installed on a user’s hard drive or on the web server. The code redirects them to a fake website without their knowledge.

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12
Q

How can you protect against pharming (3 ways)?

A

User should look out for signs that they are being redirected to a fake website.

Look out for https or the locked padlock icon next to the URL.

Some spyware software can identify and remove pharming code from the hard drive

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13
Q

What is wardriving?

A

The act of locating and using wireless internet connections illegaly.

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14
Q

What are the effects of wardriving (2 )?

A
  • Stealing a users internet time by downloading large files

- Hacking into the wireless network and stealing passwords and other data

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15
Q

How can you protect against wardriving (2)?

A
  • Firewalls prevent outside users from gaining access
  • Complex passwords should be entered before the interent can be accessed
  • WEP encryption.
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16
Q

What is spyware/ key-logging sofware?

A

Malicious software that records key presses on the user’s keyboard. The data is sent back to a third party. The key presses can be analysed to find sensitive data such as passwords.

17
Q

How can you protect against spyware (2)?

A
  • Two step verification

- Using data entry methods such as dropdown boxes.

18
Q

What is a denial of service attack?

A

Designed to deny people access to a website.
A large number of requests is sent to the server all at once. This floods it with usless traffic.
The server is unable to respond to all the requests. The server fails/ comes to a halt as a result.

19
Q

What can be used to prevent a DoS attack on a webserver (2)?

A

A firewall

A proxy server

20
Q

What can hacking lead to (2)?

A

Can lead to identity theft or gaining personal info.

Data can be deleted.

21
Q

What is the aim of phishing?

A

It is done with the aim of gaining personal data or financial information

22
Q

What is the aim of pharming?

A

It is done with the aim of gaining personal data or financial information

23
Q

What can pharming lead to?

A

Identity theft

24
Q

Effect of a virus on a computer?

A

Can make the computer crash or run slow

25
Q

How do chip and pin readers improve a bank’s website’s security?

A

Only the user and the bank know what codes can be generated

26
Q

How can encryption improve a bank’s website’s security?

A

Protects a customers information by making hacked data unreadable

27
Q

How does a firewall protect a bank’s website’s security

A

Helps to protect bank customers from virus threats and prevents them from being passed on to customers

28
Q

How can a bank’s website protect against spyware software?

A

Customers should enter passwords using drop-down boxes rather than keyboards

Computer science - Security and ethics (7 decks)

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