Security Engineering Domain Flashcards by Sabir Yakub

The design, documentation, and management of the lowest layer of the OSI network model - the physical layer

Cable Plant Management

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This model focuses on preventing conflict of interest when a given subject has access to objects with sensitive information associated with two competing parties

Brewer-Nash (The Chinese Wall) Model

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Explores the rules that would have to be in place if a subject is granted a certain level of clearance and a particular mode of access

Bell-La Padula Model

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A mathematical function that is used in the encryption and decryption processes

Algorithm

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Involves randomly arranging the positions of key data areas of a program, including the base of the executable and the positions of the stack, heap and libraries in a process’s memory address space

Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR)

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One-way functions, that is, a process that is much simpler to go in one direction (forward) than go in the other direction (backward or reverse engineering)

Asymmetric Algorithms

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A two-dimensional table that allows for individual subjects and objects to be related to each other

Access Control Matrix

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Involves the removal of characteristics from an entity in order to easily represent its essential properties

Abstraction

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The process of exchanging one letter or byte for another

Subsitution

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The science that deals with hidden, disguised, or encrypted communications. It embraces communications security and communications intelligence

Cryptology

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The study of techniques for attempting to defeat cryptographic techniques and more generally, information security services

Cryptanalysis

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Communications mechanisms hidden from the access control and standard monitoring systems of an information system

Covert Channels

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Provides a set of generally accepted processes to assist in maximizing the benefits derived from using information technology (IT) and developing appropriate IT governance

Control Objects for Information and Related Technology (COBIT)

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Provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns

Community Cloud Infrastructure

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A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g, networks, servers, sotrage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management

Cloud Computing

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The altered form of a plaintect message so as to be unreadable for anyone except the intended recipient

Ciphertext or Cryptogram

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An entity trusted by one of more users as an authority in a network that issues, revokes, and manages digital certificates

Certificate Authority (CA)

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A repository for information collected from a variety of data sources

Data Warehouse

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Maintains activities at different security levels to separate these levels from each other

Data Hiding

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The ability to deduce (infer) sensitive or restricted information from observing available information

Inference

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The storage of programs or instructions in ROM

Firmware

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Focused on setting the long-term strategy for security services in the enterprise

Enterprise Security Architecture (ESA)

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Provide authentication of a sender and integrity of a sender’s message

Digital Signatures

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A broad range of technologies that grant control and protection to content providers over their own digital media

Digital Rights Management (DRM)

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An electronic document that contains the name of an organization of individual, the business address, the digital signature of the certificate authority issuing the certificate, the certificate holder's public key, a serial number, and the expiration date

Digital Certificate

Provided by mixing up the location of the plaintext throughout the ciphertext

Diffusion

The reverse process from encoding - converting the encoded message back into its plaintext format

Decoding

Accepts an input message of any length and generates, through a one-way operation, a fixed-length output

Hash Function

Used to provide computing services in a small form factor with limited processing power

Embedded Systems

Defines the organizational structure and skill requirements of an IT organization as well as the set of operational procedures and practices that direct IT operations and infrastructure, including information security operations

IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL)

Used to control industrial processes such as manufacturing, product handling, production and distribution

Industrial Control Systems (ICS)

The action of chaning a message into another format through the use of a code

Encoding

A connectivity software that enables multiple processes running on one or more machines to interact

Middleware

Combining non-sensitive data from separate sources to create sensitive information

Aggregation

Smart networked systems with embedded sensors, processors, and actuators that are designed to sense and interact with the physical world and support real-time guaranteed performance in safety-critical applications

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)

Provided by mixing (changing) the key values used during the repeated rounds of encryption. When the key is modified for each round, it provides added complexity that the attacker would encounter

Confusion

Provides a structured methodology for documenting security requirements, documenting and validating security capabilities, and promoting international cooperation in the area of IT security

Common Criteria

Provides a foundation upon which organizations can establish and review information technology security programs

"Generally Accepted Principles and Practices fo Securing Information Technology Systems" (NIST SP 800-14)

A logical structure for identifying and organizing the descriptive representations (models) that are important in the management of enterprises and to the development of the systems, both automated and manual, that comprise them

Zachman Framework

A small block of data that is generated using a secret key and then appended to the message

Message Authentication Code (MAC)

When different encryption keys generate the same ciphertext from the same plaintext message

Key Clustering

An interoperable authentication protocol based on the OAuth 2.0 family of specifications

OpenID Connect

Divides the memory address space into equal-sized blocks called pages

Paging

Divides physical memory up into blocks of a particular size, each of which has an associated numerical value called protection key

Protection Keying

Holistic life cycle for developing security architecure that begins with assessing business requirements and subsequently creating a "chain of traceability" through the phases of strategy, concept, design, implementation, and metrics

Sherwood Applied Business Security Architecture (SABSA) Framework

Dividing a computer's memory into segments

Segmentation

When a cryptosystem performs its enryption on a bit-by-bit basis

Stream-based Ciphers

This represents the time and effort required to break a protective measure

Work Factor

The process of reordering the plaintext to hide the message

Transposition

An architecture content framework (ACF) to describe standard building blocks and components as well as numerous reference models

The Open Group Architecture Framwork (TOGAF)

The core of an OS, and one of its main functions is to provide access to system resources, which includes the system's hardware and processes

System Kernel

A small representation of a larger message. Message digests are used to ensure the authentication and integrity of information, not the confidentiality

Message Digest

This represents the total number of possible values of keys in a cryptographic algorithm or other security measure, such as a password

Key Space

The size of a key, usually measured in bits or bytes, which a cryptographic algorithm used in ciphering or deciphering protected information

Key Length

Operate with a single cryptographic key that is used for both enryption and decryption of the message

Symmetric Algorithms

An XML-based standard used to exchange authentication and authorization information

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)

Holds data not currently being used by the CPU and is used when data must be sotred for an extended period of time using high-capacity, nonvolatile storage

Secondary Storage

An area or grouping within which a defined set of security policies and measures are applied to achieve a specific level of security

Security Zone of Control

Attempt to take advantage of how a system handles multiple requests

State Attacks

Describes the behavior of a system as it moves between one state and another, from one moment to another

State Machine Model

The message in its natural format

Plaintext

Provides the security architect with a framework of specifications to ensure the safe processing, storing, and transmission of cardholder information

Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS)

Stores data that has a high probability of being requested by the CPU

Primary Storage

In this model, the cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers

Private Cloud

A security model describes strict layers of subjects and objects and defines clear rules that allow or disallow interactions between them based on the layers they are in

Multilevel Lattice Models

A service that ensures the sender cannot deny a message was sent and the integrity of the message is intact

Non-repudiation

A non-profit organization focused on improving the security of software

OWASP

A composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability

Hybrid Cloud Infrastructure

A non-secret binary vector used as the initializing input algorithm for the encryption of a plaintext block sequence to increase security by introducing additional cryptography variance and to synchronize cryptographic equipment

Initialization Vector (IV)

Provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic or government organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider

Public Cloud Infrastructure

This performs certificate registration services on behalf of a CA

Registration Authority

Primarily concerned with how subjects and objects are created, how subjects are assigned rights or privileges, and how ownership of objects is managed

Graham-Denning

Describes the essential characteristics of an organization's security engineering process that must exist to ensure good security engineering

ISO/IEC 21827:2008, The Systems Security Engineering - Capability Maturity Model (SSE-CMM)