Security Engineering Domain Flashcards
The design, documentation, and management of the lowest layer of the OSI network model - the physical layer
Cable Plant Management
This model focuses on preventing conflict of interest when a given subject has access to objects with sensitive information associated with two competing parties
Brewer-Nash (The Chinese Wall) Model
Explores the rules that would have to be in place if a subject is granted a certain level of clearance and a particular mode of access
Bell-La Padula Model
A mathematical function that is used in the encryption and decryption processes
Algorithm
Involves randomly arranging the positions of key data areas of a program, including the base of the executable and the positions of the stack, heap and libraries in a process’s memory address space
Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR)
One-way functions, that is, a process that is much simpler to go in one direction (forward) than go in the other direction (backward or reverse engineering)
Asymmetric Algorithms
A two-dimensional table that allows for individual subjects and objects to be related to each other
Access Control Matrix
Involves the removal of characteristics from an entity in order to easily represent its essential properties
Abstraction
The process of exchanging one letter or byte for another
Subsitution
The science that deals with hidden, disguised, or encrypted communications. It embraces communications security and communications intelligence
Cryptology
The study of techniques for attempting to defeat cryptographic techniques and more generally, information security services
Cryptanalysis
Communications mechanisms hidden from the access control and standard monitoring systems of an information system
Covert Channels
Provides a set of generally accepted processes to assist in maximizing the benefits derived from using information technology (IT) and developing appropriate IT governance
Control Objects for Information and Related Technology (COBIT)
Provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns
Community Cloud Infrastructure
A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g, networks, servers, sotrage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management
Cloud Computing
The altered form of a plaintect message so as to be unreadable for anyone except the intended recipient
Ciphertext or Cryptogram
An entity trusted by one of more users as an authority in a network that issues, revokes, and manages digital certificates
Certificate Authority (CA)
A repository for information collected from a variety of data sources
Data Warehouse
Maintains activities at different security levels to separate these levels from each other
Data Hiding
The ability to deduce (infer) sensitive or restricted information from observing available information
Inference
The storage of programs or instructions in ROM
Firmware
Focused on setting the long-term strategy for security services in the enterprise
Enterprise Security Architecture (ESA)
Provide authentication of a sender and integrity of a sender’s message
Digital Signatures
A broad range of technologies that grant control and protection to content providers over their own digital media
Digital Rights Management (DRM)
An electronic document that contains the name of an organization of individual, the business address, the digital signature of the certificate authority issuing the certificate, the certificate holder’s public key, a serial number, and the expiration date
Digital Certificate
Provided by mixing up the location of the plaintext throughout the ciphertext
Diffusion
The reverse process from encoding - converting the encoded message back into its plaintext format
Decoding
Accepts an input message of any length and generates, through a one-way operation, a fixed-length output
Hash Function
Used to provide computing services in a small form factor with limited processing power
Embedded Systems
Defines the organizational structure and skill requirements of an IT organization as well as the set of operational procedures and practices that direct IT operations and infrastructure, including information security operations
IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL)
Used to control industrial processes such as manufacturing, product handling, production and distribution
Industrial Control Systems (ICS)
The action of chaning a message into another format through the use of a code
Encoding
A connectivity software that enables multiple processes running on one or more machines to interact
Middleware
Combining non-sensitive data from separate sources to create sensitive information
Aggregation
Smart networked systems with embedded sensors, processors, and actuators that are designed to sense and interact with the physical world and support real-time guaranteed performance in safety-critical applications
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
Provided by mixing (changing) the key values used during the repeated rounds of encryption. When the key is modified for each round, it provides added complexity that the attacker would encounter
Confusion
Provides a structured methodology for documenting security requirements, documenting and validating security capabilities, and promoting international cooperation in the area of IT security
Common Criteria
Provides a foundation upon which organizations can establish and review information technology security programs
“Generally Accepted Principles and Practices fo Securing Information Technology Systems” (NIST SP 800-14)
A logical structure for identifying and organizing the descriptive representations (models) that are important in the management of enterprises and to the development of the systems, both automated and manual, that comprise them
Zachman Framework
A small block of data that is generated using a secret key and then appended to the message
Message Authentication Code (MAC)
When different encryption keys generate the same ciphertext from the same plaintext message
Key Clustering
An interoperable authentication protocol based on the OAuth 2.0 family of specifications
OpenID Connect
Divides the memory address space into equal-sized blocks called pages
Paging
Divides physical memory up into blocks of a particular size, each of which has an associated numerical value called protection key
Protection Keying
Holistic life cycle for developing security architecure that begins with assessing business requirements and subsequently creating a “chain of traceability” through the phases of strategy, concept, design, implementation, and metrics
Sherwood Applied Business Security Architecture (SABSA) Framework
Dividing a computer’s memory into segments
Segmentation
When a cryptosystem performs its enryption on a bit-by-bit basis
Stream-based Ciphers
This represents the time and effort required to break a protective measure
Work Factor
The process of reordering the plaintext to hide the message
Transposition
An architecture content framework (ACF) to describe standard building blocks and components as well as numerous reference models
The Open Group Architecture Framwork (TOGAF)
The core of an OS, and one of its main functions is to provide access to system resources, which includes the system’s hardware and processes
System Kernel
A small representation of a larger message. Message digests are used to ensure the authentication and integrity of information, not the confidentiality
Message Digest
This represents the total number of possible values of keys in a cryptographic algorithm or other security measure, such as a password
Key Space
The size of a key, usually measured in bits or bytes, which a cryptographic algorithm used in ciphering or deciphering protected information
Key Length
Operate with a single cryptographic key that is used for both enryption and decryption of the message
Symmetric Algorithms
An XML-based standard used to exchange authentication and authorization information
Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)
Holds data not currently being used by the CPU and is used when data must be sotred for an extended period of time using high-capacity, nonvolatile storage
Secondary Storage
An area or grouping within which a defined set of security policies and measures are applied to achieve a specific level of security
Security Zone of Control
Attempt to take advantage of how a system handles multiple requests
State Attacks
Describes the behavior of a system as it moves between one state and another, from one moment to another
State Machine Model
The message in its natural format
Plaintext
Provides the security architect with a framework of specifications to ensure the safe processing, storing, and transmission of cardholder information
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS)
Stores data that has a high probability of being requested by the CPU
Primary Storage
In this model, the cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers
Private Cloud
A security model describes strict layers of subjects and objects and defines clear rules that allow or disallow interactions between them based on the layers they are in
Multilevel Lattice Models
A service that ensures the sender cannot deny a message was sent and the integrity of the message is intact
Non-repudiation
A non-profit organization focused on improving the security of software
OWASP
A composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability
Hybrid Cloud Infrastructure
A non-secret binary vector used as the initializing input algorithm for the encryption of a plaintext block sequence to increase security by introducing additional cryptography variance and to synchronize cryptographic equipment
Initialization Vector (IV)
Provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic or government organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider
Public Cloud Infrastructure
This performs certificate registration services on behalf of a CA
Registration Authority
Primarily concerned with how subjects and objects are created, how subjects are assigned rights or privileges, and how ownership of objects is managed
Graham-Denning
Describes the essential characteristics of an organization’s security engineering process that must exist to ensure good security engineering
ISO/IEC 21827:2008, The Systems Security Engineering - Capability Maturity Model (SSE-CMM)
