security Flashcards
explain the change the role the EU–Turkey relationship underwent after CW
their security cultures began diverging significantly. however, The need to deal with the Soviet threat muted the differences among the Allies during the Cold War.
what happened after the Cold War between EU-TR?
there was a growing difference between Turkish and European perceptions of security.
radical transformations in security architecture, led to differences in Turkish and European security culture came to the surface, affecting the overall EU-Turkey relationship.
the development of the EU’s self-image as a soft/civil power, the state of Turkish democracy and its human rights record automatically became a major concern for the EU.
what happened when turkey joined the NATO?
•Turkey joined NATO in 1952
During the Cold War, Turkey was no longer seen as the ‘Other’ of Europe, but rather part of the Europe because they provided an important security role against the Soviet
what kind of purposes did the belonging to the Western Camp serve for TR policy makers?
It served various purposes:
on 1 hand= it strengthened their sense of security against the Soviet Union.
On the other hand, it reduced their fear of abandonment and of loss of territory by strengthening the country’s sense of belonging to Europe and to the West.
what did the EU develop during the Cold War and why?
The EU also formed a security community in the making, based on the understanding that interdependence among member states would minimize the likelihood of conflict in Europe: integration would serve a security function. Key components of this security culture include: a broad view of security that recognizes military and non-military threats to states and other points of reference’.
what was TR view on the security community that was made by the EU?
In contrast, Turkey’s security culture developed in the opposite direction, focusing on the military dimension of security. During the Cold War, the Turkish elite prioritized military instruments to keep national unity and territorial integrity
why is TR seen as a security threat by EU?
The potential accession of Turkey, with its large population, its level of economic development, and its perceived religious/cultural features, was seen by many as a security threat that could weaken European integration
Furthermore, the strengthening of the self-definition of the EU as a peaceful security complex that relies primarily on soft power was also in opposition to the security resources that Turkey believed it could contribute to the EU.
What did TR join in 1992 and what does it mean?
• In 1992 Turkey became an associate member of the WEU
right to fully participate in its Council meetings, its working groups and subsidiary bodies, without voting rights in any of these.
TR also associated with the WEU Planning Cell, could appoint officers and take part in WEU operations on equal terms with full members.
As a NATO member, it also had the right to be consulted on WEU operations that were of interest to it and to be directly involved in WEU operations that used NATO assets and capabilities.
how did TR position in EU security culture change?
France and the United Kingdom agreed to develop a a European defence capability.
- they wanted to abolish the WEU by end of 2000
resulted into an increased feeling of exclusion and mistrust on Turkey’s part, but also deadlock in EU–NATO cooperation.
what were 2 two developments that changed TR foreign policy and European security post-9/11?
9/11 raised Turkey’s appeal as an EU security partner. the post-9/11 exposed Europe to the threat of global terrorism, and increased the interdependence between EU and Turkish security concerns. Turkey’s military capabilities would significantly help the EU’s fight against terror
2= the security dimension of Turkish foreign policy under the AKP governments since 2002.
It was founded on three main pillars: seeking ‘zero problems’ with neighbours, pursuing a proactive and multidimensional foreign policy in Turkey’s wider neighbourhood, and drawing on Turkey’s Ottoman heritage as a foreign policy asset
The major goal was thus to transform Turkey into a strong regional and global actor through the exercise of soft power.
what is the division between the Atlanticist and Europeanist states on TR role?
, Atlanticist= perceive security as being a prime reason why the EU should enlarge to Turkey.
Turkey can be a security asset for the EU as a model democratic Muslim country in its neighborhood.
Europeanist states = Turkey’s strong relationship with the US, would bring a transatlantic alliance into the EU and hinder the development of a more autonomous European foreign and security policy.
argued that it would be in the EU’s security interests to keep Turkey out due to its role as a buffer state or security insulator preventing its region’s instability from spilling into Europe
