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Ethics > Secular Ethics > Flashcards

Secular Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Philosophy

A

Love of wisdom
Philos=Love
Sophia=wisdom

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2
Q

Metaphysics

A

Branch of philosophy
Study of what something really is. Reality

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3
Q

Ontology

A

Branch of metaphysics
Study of Being

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4
Q

Epistemology

A

Branch of philosophy
Study of knowledge, how we know what we know

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5
Q

Ethics

A

Branch of philosophy
(Moral philosophy) study of morals and moral decisions. Hw to decide

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6
Q

Ethos

A

Character

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7
Q

Moral absolute

A

Ideas that apply universally know matter situation or consequence

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8
Q

Impracticable

A

Unable to be carried through. Can’t be practiced

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9
Q

Secular ethics

A

Ethics based on logic, emotion, etc. and not on religious belief.

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10
Q

Telos

A

Final cause

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11
Q

Teleological

A

Everything is working towards achieving a final cause. Abnormality to nature gets in its way.

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12
Q

Eudaimonia

A

Happiness

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13
Q

Virtuous

A

Being able to control feelings, desires, and wants

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14
Q

Virtue

A

State of being allowing one to judge, behave, and respond to situations appropriately

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15
Q

Vice

A

Extreme response or choice, leading to harmful behavior. Deficiency or Excess.

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16
Q

Good will

A

Freely choosing to do good (moral duty) because it is good

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17
Q

Utility

A

What is the most productive

18
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Morality of an action is a function of what follows it. Happiness id pleasure and absence of pain. Most good for most people.
Based solely on observation and human reason

19
Q

Utilitarian

A

One following utilitarianism. Must make sacrifices for the good of the whole

20
Q

Intrinsic good

A

Good with value of its own. According to Kant, this is only good will

21
Q

Rights

A

Protection from outside interference regarding a specific activity

22
Q

Socrates

A

Teacher of Plato
Known from Plato’s “Dialogues”
Died by drinking Hemlock

23
Q

Plato

A

Socrates student
Started Academys
Wrote “Dialogues?
Idealist: highest form of all things is the ideal

24
Q

Aristotle

A

Plato’s student
Started the Lyceum school
Peripatetic (to walk) teaching style
Virtue ethics, was a realist empiricist
Author of Nicomachean Ehtics

25
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

Grounds ethics in the human ability to reason

26
Q

Jeremy Bentham

A

Utilitarian
Greatest good for the most people

27
Q

John Stuart Mills

A

Utalitarian (consequentialist)
Morality of action is its consequences. Happiness is pleasure and absence of pain. Pursuit the more valuable pleasures

28
Q

John Locke

A

Rights of life, liberty, ame property (because God)

29
Q

Tom Regan

A

All people and animals have same inherent value because humans and animals are conscious creatures with desires and feelings. (Not because of Gos or rationality)

30
Q

John Rawls

A

Rights determined from social contract,
Use of veil of ignorance (no social groups)
Equal rights because it is in everyones best interest

31
Q

Moral Relativism

A

No moral value should apply to all cultures and people, mo person should impose morals on anyone else

32
Q

Common cultural ethics

A

Moral guidelines created by a shared set of values between a group

33
Q

Mean of virtue

A

Middle way of a virtue

34
Q

Categorical imperative

A

Moral law must be one appling to all
(Not a directive)
(General test to determine morality)
Rules= could be used by everyone (universal) and no one can be used
Only act if what you followed could become a universal law of nature?

35
Q

Deontology

A

Duty or obligation

36
Q

Universal law

A

Law that can be applied to everyone and any one

37
Q

Rational and non-rational parts of the mind

A

Rational= reasons, thinks, judges
Non-rational=involuntary mental work (appetitive and vegetative)

38
Q

Appetitve and vegetative parts of mind

A

Non rational
Appetitive=desires, feelings, emotions
Vegetative=involuntary functions (breathing, growing, etc.)

39
Q

Justice/distributive justice

A

Sense of duty, applied uniformly to all

40
Q

Social contract

A

One gives up certain rights to recieve protection of others from gov.

41
Q

Rights theory

A

Virtue of Justice
Depends on social contract
Allows access and protection of rights

Ethics (1 decks)

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