Section Two anatomy test Flashcards
Cranial bones and facial bones
parietal bone, sutural bone, occipital bone, temporal bone, frontal bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone
plus facial bones
Nasal, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic, vomer, mandible
Bones that make up the orbital socket
Sphenoid.
Frontal.
Zygomatic.
Ethmoid.
Lacrimal.
Maxilla.
Palatine.
male skull
more square chin, arch on eye, more of a 90 degree on, mandibular angle
female skull
More triangular chin, no Arch over eye, more round frontal bone, more than 90° angle on angle of mandible
Parts of vertebrae
7 cervical(neck) 12 thoracic(chest) 5 lumbar(lower back)
Difference between Atlas and axis
Atlas: right under head, makes a joint
Axis: the 2nd bone
Fits together with the superior articular faucet
True ribs
1-7
Directly connected to the sternum with hyaline cartilage
false ribs
8-12
not Directly connected to the sternum with hyaline cartilage
what joints the ribs to the sternum
hyaline cartilage
where do ribs articulate with the vertebra
with the thoracic vertabrea
floating ribs
11-12
do not articulate with the sternum
bones of the pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula
bones of the upper limbs
Humorous, radius and unla, the 8 carpal bones in the wrist, 5 metacarpals in Palm, 14 phalanges in fingers
Major processes of upper limbs
Neck, greater tubercle, deltoid tuberosity(connects to deloitd), condyles, spine
Bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs
sacrum the coccyx and hip bones(ilium)
Humerus patella fibula fibula tarsals calcaneus phalanges
sex diffreces in pelvis
Male: more squared
Female: more round
all the S words and what they do.
Synovial: holds fluid,
suture: Stitches the skull,
Symphysis: fibrocartilage it is in the pubis and intervertebral disc,
Synarthrosis: Boars together no movement,
synchondrosis: Chondrocytes,
syndesmosis: 2 bones
Types of synovial joints
Plane joints; on the axial side to side movement wrist at radial / ulnar carpal joint
Hinge joint unaxial like hinge of a door elbow
Pivot joints unaxial one bone rotates on its longitudinal axis Atlas axis of vertebrae
condylar joints by axial oval concave surface of one bone convex of other metacarpal phalange joint
Saddle joints biaxial joint surface resemble saddle shape thumb carpal metacarpal joint
Ball and socket joints multi axial spherical head into cuplike socket hip and shoulder
Extra features of the knee joint
Meniscus cruciate ligaments collateral ligaments
What is a burse
sacs outside most synovial joints where ligaments muscles tendons or bones rub contain synovial fluid
all movements
Gliding mono axial Sternal clavicial joint, acromial clavicle joints, vertebrate costal joints
Angular motion flexion extension abduction adduction
Rotational motion pronate supinate
Parts of the muscles and the muscle cell
sarcolemma: plasma membrane
Sarcoplasm :cytoplasm
Sarcoplasmic: reticulum smooth ER stores calcium ++
Sarcomere: The Contracting unit of the muscle fiber each myofibril has a string of sarcomere which it shortened to cause contraction in the muscle
Membranes around the muscle bundle fascicle and cell
perimysium(fascicle), epimysium(muscle), endomysium(muscle fiber and cell)
Properties of muscle cells and functional property
All muscle tissues exhibit:
Excitability: ability to respond to stimuli
Conductivity: ability to transmit electrical events along the cell membrane
Contractility: ability to generate tension and shorten cell length
Elasticity: ability to return to resting length after shortening or lengthening
Extensibility: ability to be stretched beyond resting length
parts of myofibrils, names of proteins
Complex cylindrical organelles
Myosin actin tropomyosin troponin
What are the parts of a sarcomere
Z line Thin and Thick filament
What are the steps of contraction 1-10
1.An electrical impulse travels down a nerve fiber
- The nerve impulse reaches the end of the nerve and causes it to release acetylcholine (Ach)
- Ach binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane and causes the electrical impulse to be transmitted to the muscle cell
- The electrical impulse inside the muscle cell causes the release of calcium ions from the Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Calcium ions bind to troponin causing it to rotate
- Rotation of troponin move tropomyosin off of the myosin binding site
on actin
7 .The myosin head binds the myosin binding domain of actin
- Myosin bends in two places, releasing ADP and pulling on the thin filament
- The Z-lines are pulled closer together and the A-band shrinks
- The myofibril gets shorter (contracts)
Parts of the neuromuscular Junction what is the neurotransmitter
Action potential electrical impulse travels down nerve fiber,
ach is released from the end of the nerve,
ACH binds to receptor protein on muscle cell,
action potential is generated inside muscle cell,
ca2 plus is released from sarcoplasmic reticulum
what is a moter unit?
it is a neuron
Names of muscle for facial expression
Depressor anguli oris
orbicularis oculi
zygomaticus major
Obicularis oris
frontal belly
platysma
Names of muscles for mastication their motions
Temporalis, Elevates and retracts mandible
masseter, elevates and protracts mandible prime mover of jaw closure
Media pterygoid, elevates and protracts mandible produces side to side movement of mandible
lateral pterygoid protracts mandible produces side to side movement
Muscles for eye movement
Medial rectus
lateral rectus
inferior rectus
superior rectus
inferior oblique
Superior oblique
Muscles that roate the neck
Sternoclinodomastoid
splenius captives and cervicis
Scalene muscle
neck muscles that laterally flexions
Scalene muscles
splenius captives and cervicis
Sternoclinodomastoid
Abdominal muscles
Rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis
Motion at the glenohumeral joint muscles for abduction
Deltoid supraspinatus
Motion at the glenohumeral joint muscles for Adduction
latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major
Motion at the glenohumeral joint muscles for Extension
Latissimus dorsi and deltoid(posterior fibers)
Motion at the glenohumeral joint muscles for Flexion
Pectoralis major and deltoid( anterior fibers)
Motion at the glenohumeral joint muscles for lateral rotation
Infraspinatus and teres minor
Motion at the glenohumeral joint muscles for medial rotation
Subscapularis deltoid( anterior fibers)
muscle Moments at the scapula protraction
serratus anterior, pectoralis major, and pectoralis minor muscles.
muscle Moments at the scapula Retraction
trapezius, rhomboids, and latissimus dorsi muscles
muscle Moments at the scapula Elevation
trapezius, levator scapulae, and rhomboid muscles
muscle Moments at the scapula depression
latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and the trapezius muscles
Rotator cuff muscles
Subscapularis supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor
Muscles for pronation and supination
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
Supinator
Muscles for flexion and extension of the elbow
E: Triceps brachii and anconeus
F: Biceps brachii brachialis rachioradialis
Forearm muscles superficial layer
Superficial layer:
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimized Extensor carpi ulnaris
Forearm muscles deep
Deep layer:
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis Supinator
Muscles for hip lateral rotation
Abductor Mangus gluteus maximus Sartorius obturator externus obturator internus piriformis, Superior Glemellus, inferior Glemellus quadrtatus femoris
iliotibial tract
Muscles for knee flexion and extension
F: Sartorius biceps femoris semi-membernosis Semicentenosis
E: Quadriceps femoris, rectus, vastus lateralis, vastus intermediatis, vastus medialis,
Muscles for Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
D:Tibialis anterior
P:Gastrocinemias, soleus, fibularis longus, plantaris
What is it called when one nerve impulse arrives at One muscle fiber
TWITCH
