Section One (separation techniques, periodic table & bonding)

Question 1

What does filtration separate?

Answer 1

Soluble and insoluble substances.

Question 2

What does crystallisation separate?

Answer 2

Removing a liquid leaving a solid behind.

Question 3

What does chromatography separate?

Answer 3

Solutions dissolved in the same solvent.

Question 4

What does fractional distillation separate?

Answer 4

2 or more liquids with different boiling points.

Question 5

Is the atomic mass the top or bottom number on an element on the periodic table?

Answer 5

Top.

Question 6

What is an isotope?

Answer 6

Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 7

What are the group one elements?

Answer 7

Alkali metals.

Question 8

What are the properties of the group 1 elements?

Answer 8

• 1 outer electron
• Reactivity increases going down the group (electrons easier to remove the more shells there are)
• soft & reactive

Question 9

What is the word equation when a alkali metal reacts with water?

Answer 9

Alkali Metal + water —> metal hydroxide + oxygen

Question 10

What are the group 7 elements?

Answer 10

Halogens.

Question 11

What are the properties of the group 7 elements?

Answer 11

• 7 outer electrons
• non-metals
• molecules made of pairs of atoms joined by covalent bonds
• reactivity increases going up the group (easier to attract electrons as there are fewer shells)

Question 12

What is group 0/8/18?

Answer 12

Noble gases.

Question 13

What are the properties of group 0/8/18?

Answer 13

• nonreactive/ stable (full outer shell)
• don’t form molecules easily
• boiling point increases going down the group

Question 14

What are the properties of the transitional metals?

Answer 14

• strong, hard metals
• not very reactive
• ions can have different charges
• form coloured compounds
• used as catalysts

Question 15

How do ionic bonds form?

Answer 15

Transferring electrons

Question 16

If an atom loses an electron, what charge does it become?

Answer 16

Positive.

Question 17

If an atom gains an electron, what charge does it become?

Answer 17

Negative.

Question 18

What group do ions have the same electron structure as?

Answer 18

Group 0 (noble gases)

Question 19

What charge do alkali metals form?

Answer 19

+1 ions

Question 20

What charge do halogens form?

Answer 20

-1 ions

Question 21

What do ionic bonds form between?

Answer 21

Metals and non-metals.

Question 22

How do covalent bonds form?

Answer 22

Sharing electrons.

Question 23

Is a covalent bond strong or weak?

Answer 23

Strong.

Question 24

What are the two types of covalent bonding?

Answer 24

Simple molecular and giant covalent.

Question 25

What do covalent bonds form between?

Answer 25

Non-metal and non-metal.

Question 26

How are metallic bonds formed?

Answer 26

Rows of metal atoms with a sea of delocalised electrons in-between.

Question 27

Why are alloys stronger than pure metals?

Answer 27

They are made of different sized atoms, meaning the layers of atoms cannot slide each other easily.