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British History > Section one chapter 1 > Flashcards

Section one chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

General election Jan 1906

A

Landslide victory - liberals

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2
Q

How many seats did the liberals win in the 1906 election?

A

Around 401 seats
Conservatives won 157

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3
Q

Who led the new liberal government

A

Able ministers including Lloyd George and Churchill

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4
Q

What we’re the new liberal government aims

A
  • ‘new liberalism’
  • Introduce reforms to tackle poverty and social problems
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5
Q

The boer war

A
  • war took place in 1900
  • Helped conservatives win electoral victory
  • partly because of patriotic support for government/ also war split liberals
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6
Q

What negative impact did the boer war have on the Conservative party

A
  • sowed seeds of conservatives great defeat in 1906
  • Lasted longer/more costly in lives/money than expected
    -exposed malnutrition in cities - liberals claimed conservatives neglected poverty
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7
Q

What impact did the 1902 education act have on the election result in 1906

A
  • major impact
  • roused fury of nonconformists - many reverted to liberal party
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8
Q

What was the 1902 education act?

A

Provided for all schools to be funded from local rates
- great achievement for education - standardised chaotic system
- nonconformists outraged, their taxes spent on CofE Schools

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9
Q

The 1904 licensing act

A

Aimed at reducing no. of public houses
- Proposed to compensate Brewers/ publicans for cancellation of licenses

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10
Q

Impact of the 1904 licensing act on 1906 election results

A
  • Annoyed, nonconformist voters
  • The few nonconformists, who had moved away from the Liberal party now returned
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11
Q

The Chinese labour issue

A
  • Chinese labourers worked for low wages (imported into South Africa) + kept in overcrowded camps
  •  Raised moral outcry by nonconformists
  • British trade unions feared they would be brought to Britain pushing down wages
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12
Q

Impact of the Chinese labour issue on the 1906 election results

A
  • caused scandal that damaged conservative gov
  • Took votes away from Conservatives
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13
Q

Impact of the Chinese labour issue on the 1906 election results

A
  • caused scandal that damaged conservative gov
  • Took votes away from Conservatives
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14
Q

The taff vale case

A
  • 1901 - dispute between taff vale railway company and railway workers trade union
  • Led to strike action
  • 1902 - House of Lords, ruled company was within its right to sue a trade union
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15
Q

Impact of the taff vale case on the 1906 election results

A
  • conservatives lost support for failure to take side of trade Unions in taff vale
  • Conservatives refused to contradict decision made in House of Lords
  • Reinforced conviction amongst workers - conservatives were opposed to their interests
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16
Q

Neglect of social reform

A
  • Awareness of poverty exposed by was
  • liberals working out new form of liberalism + campaigning for reforms
  • Conservatives produced nothing other than 1902 education act
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17
Q

what is the Tariff reform campaign known as

A
  • ‘biggest conservative policy misjudgement’
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18
Q

who launched the tariff reform campaign and when

A

1903 - Joseph chamberlain

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19
Q

what were the aims of the Tariff reform campaign

A
  • reintroduce tariffs with lower level of tariff for goods coming into Britain from British empire than for good imported from non empire countries
  • policy known as ‘imperial preference’
20
Q

what did chamberlain believe tariffs would achieve for Britain

A
  • protect british industry = more jobs
  • provide revenue to fund social reform
  • strengthen british empire
21
Q

what groups in society were attracted to chamberlains tariff reform

A
  • industrialists and farmers who faced foreign competition
22
Q

what influence did Tariff reform campaign have on conservative and liberal parties

A
  • divided conservative party + gov
    Winston Churchill actually voted with Liberals in 1904
  • issue helped reunite liberal party in idea of ‘free trade’ policy
23
Q

Balfour in conservative leadership

A
  • conservative PM from 1902
  • highly intelligent but lacked political skill
24
Q

when was the Lib-lab pact

A

1903

25
Q

what was the Lib-Lab pact

A
  • Lib’s agreed to not oppose Lab candidates in next Gen election in 30 constituencies where lab more likely to defeat conservative candidate
26
Q

what was the impact of the Lib-Lab pact on the 1906 general election

A
  • made govs defeat in terms of no. of lost parliamentary seats even more complete
  • labour wont 29 seats
  • libs secured total defeat of conservatives
27
Q

classical liberalism

A
  • stressed freedom to DO things - worship/publish etc
  • Laissez-Faire
28
Q

new liberalism

A
  • stressed freedom FROM things - poverty, low wages etc
  • ‘safety nets’ - to provide help when needed
29
Q

growing awareness of poverty and its causes

A

-late 19th cent = investigations proved poverty = major problem
- poverty largely caused by economic forces

30
Q

influence of intellectuals on the liberal party

A
  • argued 19th cent liberalism put too much stress on freedom of individual + not enough on role of society through the state
31
Q

T.H. Green

A
  • argued liberalism should give opportunity for people to be moral
32
Q

J.A. Hobson

A
  • believed Britain faced problem of ‘under consumption’
  • state should intervene to help reduce poverty/unemployment
33
Q

J.T. Hobhouse

A
  • argued for ‘collectivism’ that gov should take action to distribute wealth more fairly throughout society
34
Q

political factors leading to the development of new liberalism

A
  • rescue liberal party from recent divisions
  • give uniting theme
  • social reform would help liberals hold onto working class vote
35
Q

concern over ;national efficiency’ and its influence on the development of new liberalism

A
  • growing concern econ/ workforce not as productive anymore
  • Boer war highlighted poor health among working class
36
Q

support for new liberalism within Liberal party

A
  • 1/2 liberal MP’s elected supported new liberalism
  • including DLG, Churchill
37
Q

Sir Henry Campbell Bannerman

A
  • PM after 1906 election
  • set liberals on path to carrying out reform
38
Q

H.H. Asquith

A
  • liberal PM in 1908
  • good debating skills - dominant in HOC
39
Q

David Lloyd George

A
  • dynamic/effective minister
  • concern to improve living standard
  • introduced old age pensions bill (1908)
40
Q

Winston Churchill

A
  • one of Lib partys most articulate supporters of new liberalism
  • concerned w problems of low wages
41
Q

position of labour party after 1906

A
  • LRC renamed labour party once in parliament
  • some liberals concerned over this new force in parliament
42
Q

problems faced by Labour party after 1906

A
  • new MP’s working class- limited education
  • Keir Hardy was inspirational leader - lacked qualities needed to keep MP’s united
43
Q

who was W. V . Osborne and what problems did he cause for the labour party in 1909

A
  • liberal - challenged right of union to demand political levy
  • these levies went to paying MP’s salaries
    -HOL-in favour Osborne
  • faced financial crisis
44
Q

the conservative party

A
  • after 1906 election - conserv’s powerless
  • Balfour used permanent conservative majority in HOL to block policies of new liberal gov
  • HOL=’Balfours poodle’
  • many liberal measures blocked
45
Q
A

British History (8 decks)

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