Section one chapter 1

Question 1

General election Jan 1906

Answer 1

Landslide victory - liberals

Question 2

How many seats did the liberals win in the 1906 election?

Answer 2

Around 401 seats
Conservatives won 157

Question 3

Who led the new liberal government

Answer 3

Able ministers including Lloyd George and Churchill

Question 4

What we’re the new liberal government aims

Answer 4

• ‘new liberalism’
• Introduce reforms to tackle poverty and social problems

Question 5

The boer war

Answer 5

• war took place in 1900
• Helped conservatives win electoral victory
• partly because of patriotic support for government/ also war split liberals

Question 6

What negative impact did the boer war have on the Conservative party

Answer 6

• sowed seeds of conservatives great defeat in 1906
• Lasted longer/more costly in lives/money than expected
  -exposed malnutrition in cities - liberals claimed conservatives neglected poverty

Question 7

What impact did the 1902 education act have on the election result in 1906

Answer 7

• major impact
• roused fury of nonconformists - many reverted to liberal party

Question 8

What was the 1902 education act?

Answer 8

Provided for all schools to be funded from local rates
- great achievement for education - standardised chaotic system
- nonconformists outraged, their taxes spent on CofE Schools

Question 9

The 1904 licensing act

Answer 9

Aimed at reducing no. of public houses
- Proposed to compensate Brewers/ publicans for cancellation of licenses

Question 10

Impact of the 1904 licensing act on 1906 election results

Answer 10

• Annoyed, nonconformist voters
• The few nonconformists, who had moved away from the Liberal party now returned

Question 11

The Chinese labour issue

Answer 11

• Chinese labourers worked for low wages (imported into South Africa) + kept in overcrowded camps
•  Raised moral outcry by nonconformists
• British trade unions feared they would be brought to Britain pushing down wages

Question 12

Impact of the Chinese labour issue on the 1906 election results

Answer 12

• caused scandal that damaged conservative gov
• Took votes away from Conservatives

Question 13

Impact of the Chinese labour issue on the 1906 election results

Answer 13

• caused scandal that damaged conservative gov
• Took votes away from Conservatives

Question 14

The taff vale case

Answer 14

• 1901 - dispute between taff vale railway company and railway workers trade union
• Led to strike action
• 1902 - House of Lords, ruled company was within its right to sue a trade union

Question 15

Impact of the taff vale case on the 1906 election results

Answer 15

• conservatives lost support for failure to take side of trade Unions in taff vale
• Conservatives refused to contradict decision made in House of Lords
• Reinforced conviction amongst workers - conservatives were opposed to their interests

Question 16

Neglect of social reform

Answer 16

• Awareness of poverty exposed by was
• liberals working out new form of liberalism + campaigning for reforms
• Conservatives produced nothing other than 1902 education act

Question 17

what is the Tariff reform campaign known as

Answer 17

• ‘biggest conservative policy misjudgement’

Question 18

who launched the tariff reform campaign and when

Answer 18

1903 - Joseph chamberlain

Question 19

what were the aims of the Tariff reform campaign

Answer 19

• reintroduce tariffs with lower level of tariff for goods coming into Britain from British empire than for good imported from non empire countries
• policy known as ‘imperial preference’

Question 20

what did chamberlain believe tariffs would achieve for Britain

Answer 20

• protect british industry = more jobs
• provide revenue to fund social reform
• strengthen british empire

Question 21

what groups in society were attracted to chamberlains tariff reform

Answer 21

• industrialists and farmers who faced foreign competition

Question 22

what influence did Tariff reform campaign have on conservative and liberal parties

Answer 22

• divided conservative party + gov
  Winston Churchill actually voted with Liberals in 1904
• issue helped reunite liberal party in idea of ‘free trade’ policy

Question 23

Balfour in conservative leadership

Answer 23

• conservative PM from 1902
• highly intelligent but lacked political skill

Question 24

when was the Lib-lab pact

Answer 24

1903

Question 25

what was the Lib-Lab pact

Answer 25

- Lib's agreed to not oppose Lab candidates in next Gen election in 30 constituencies where lab more likely to defeat conservative candidate

Question 26

what was the impact of the Lib-Lab pact on the 1906 general election

Answer 26

- made govs defeat in terms of no. of lost parliamentary seats even more complete - labour wont 29 seats - libs secured total defeat of conservatives

Question 27

classical liberalism

Answer 27

- stressed freedom to DO things - worship/publish etc - Laissez-Faire

Question 28

new liberalism

Answer 28

- stressed freedom FROM things - poverty, low wages etc - 'safety nets' - to provide help when needed

Question 29

growing awareness of poverty and its causes

Answer 29

-late 19th cent = investigations proved poverty = major problem - poverty largely caused by economic forces

Question 30

influence of intellectuals on the liberal party

Answer 30

- argued 19th cent liberalism put too much stress on freedom of individual + not enough on role of society through the state

Question 31

T.H. Green

Answer 31

- argued liberalism should give opportunity for people to be moral

Question 32

J.A. Hobson

Answer 32

- believed Britain faced problem of 'under consumption' - state should intervene to help reduce poverty/unemployment

Question 33

J.T. Hobhouse

Answer 33

- argued for 'collectivism' that gov should take action to distribute wealth more fairly throughout society

Question 34

political factors leading to the development of new liberalism

Answer 34

- rescue liberal party from recent divisions - give uniting theme - social reform would help liberals hold onto working class vote

Question 35

concern over ;national efficiency' and its influence on the development of new liberalism

Answer 35

- growing concern econ/ workforce not as productive anymore - Boer war highlighted poor health among working class

Question 36

support for new liberalism within Liberal party

Answer 36

- 1/2 liberal MP's elected supported new liberalism - including DLG, Churchill

Question 37

Sir Henry Campbell Bannerman

Answer 37

- PM after 1906 election - set liberals on path to carrying out reform

Question 38

H.H. Asquith

Answer 38

- liberal PM in 1908 - good debating skills - dominant in HOC

Question 39

David Lloyd George

Answer 39

- dynamic/effective minister - concern to improve living standard - introduced old age pensions bill (1908)

Question 40

Winston Churchill

Answer 40

- one of Lib partys most articulate supporters of new liberalism - concerned w problems of low wages

Question 41

position of labour party after 1906

Answer 41

- LRC renamed labour party once in parliament - some liberals concerned over this new force in parliament

Question 42

problems faced by Labour party after 1906

Answer 42

- new MP's working class- limited education - Keir Hardy was inspirational leader - lacked qualities needed to keep MP's united

Question 43

who was W. V . Osborne and what problems did he cause for the labour party in 1909

Answer 43

- liberal - challenged right of union to demand political levy - these levies went to paying MP's salaries -HOL-in favour Osborne - faced financial crisis

Question 44

the conservative party

Answer 44

- after 1906 election - conserv's powerless - Balfour used permanent conservative majority in HOL to block policies of new liberal gov - HOL='Balfours poodle' - many liberal measures blocked