Section D Flashcards
What are the layers of a blood vessel?
Intima, muscular media, and adventitia
The inside space of a tubular structure is ?
lumen
Arteries carry ___
oxygenated blood away from heart to tissue
Veins carry____
deoxygenated blood to the heart
The pulmonary vein can carry blood oxygenated blood, true/false
true
Whats the blood flow through the heart?
Vena cava–Right atrium– tricuspid valve– Right ventricle–Pulmonary valve–Pulmonary trunk– Right & Left Pulmonary arteries–arterioles–capillaries– Pulmonary veins– Left atrium–mitral valve–Left ventricle–Aortic valve–Aorta– delivered to rest of body
From the heart( aorta); to the rest of the body; back to the heart is called ?
systemic circulation
From the heart(pulmonary arteries); to the lungs; back to the heart
Pulmonary circulation
Systole is ?
contraction of the heart
Diastole is ?
relaxation of the heart
Angiogram is a radiograph of ?
blood vessels after contrast is injected
Arteriogram is a radiograph of ?
an artery after contrast is injected
A venogram is a radiograph of ?
a vein after contrast is injected
The thoracic aorta is made up of ?
ascending aorta, descending aorta, aortic arch
The FIRST branches off the aorta are the ?
right and left coronary arteries
What arteries supply the heart with blood ?
The right and left coronary arteries
What branches off the aortic arch ?
brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian
What branches off the brachiocephalic?
Right subclavian and right common carotid
When doing an abdominal aortogram the contrast is injected?
retrograde
The abdominal aorta extends from ?
the diaphragm to bifurcation of common iliac
Abdominal aorta is anterior to vertebral column– true or false
true
The first main ventral branch off the aorta?
celiac trunk
What are the three branches off the celiac trunk
left gastric, splenic, hepatic
What supplies the small and large intestines ?
the superior and inferior mesenteric
The superior branch is ventral (anterior) –true or false
true
What is just inferior to celiac trunk?
superior mesenteric
The renal arteries are ____ to the superior mesenteric artery
inferior
The renal arteries are at the level of the interspace between what vertebrae?
1 and 2 lumbar vertebrae
Lateral branches off the aorta are ?
the renal arteries
Inferior to renal arteries
inferior mesenteric
Which vessels will be demonstrated best on an AP projection of the aorta ?
renal arteries
Which vessels will be best demonstrated on a lateral projection of the aorta ?
celiac trunk, superior and inferior arteries
____ branches into radial and ulnar artery?
brachial artery
What are the upper extremity arteries ?
subclavian, axillary, brachial artery
The common iliac arteries bifurcate into ___
internal and external iliac arteries
Common iliac arteries are __cm
5
What artery supplies blood to the pelvis area?
internal iliac
____ is continuous with the common femoral?
external iliac
The common femoral bifurcates into ___ and ___
deep and superficial femoral
What artery is continuous with popliteal ?
superficial artery
The popliteal trifurcates into___
anterior tibial, peroneal and posterior tibial
what artery is on dorsum of foot?
dorsalis pedis
The ___ vena cava receives blood from the upper part of the body
superior
The___ vena cava receives blood from the lower part of the body
inferior
For a upper extremity venogram the contrast is injected __
In the hand , antegrade
For a SUPERIOR vena cava angiogram ______
Injection can be made into an IV in upper extremity, or can be performed via catheter insertion
For a INFERIOR vena cana angiogram____
catheter insertion only
For a lower extremity venogram the contrast is injected _____
in the top of the foot, antegrade , table may be angled to slow progression of contrast
The portal vein collects blood from —-
the stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas
The portal vein delivers blood to the ___
liver
The _____vein exits the liver and empties into the vena cava
hepatic
The liver has how many blood supplies ?
2
The liver receives blood from ?
hepatic artery and portal vein
Portal vein supplies with liver with ____
deoxygenated blood
The hepatic artery supplies the liver with ____
oxygenated blood
Performed to identify disease ____
diagnostic anteriograms
Performed to treat disease; therapeutic
Interventional Radiography procedures
No break in the skin occurs
Non-invasive
A small break in the skin occurs–needle puncture
Minimally invasive
Involves surgery; incision
invasive
To put a catheter into is called ?
catheterize
All interventional radiography is done with digital fluoroscopy–true or false
true
A technique used in IR where everything is subtracted from the picture except contrast filled blood vessels
digital subtraction
The access needle used for an anteriogram is called __
hypodermic needle
Stainless steel wire ; the guide wire is inserted first; the catheter is threaded over
guide wire
A short catheter that maintains the blood vessels access
sheath
A plastic hollow tube; transports contrast from outside of the body to a location inside the body
catheter
On a catheter the distal end is the ___
tip; placed into body
On a catheter the proximal end is the __
the hub; the part that attaches to tubing
Blood work needed for anteriogram ____
PT, PTT, INR, ACT–tells pts tendency to bleed
Test that tells pt kidneys function__
BUN/Creatinine
Risks of catheterization
bleeding, dissection, infection, thrombus formation
What is an occlusion?
blockage
what is ischemia?
decreased blood supply
What is infarction?
tissue death due to decrease blood supply
necrosis is ?
dead area of tissue
what is an embolism?
a blood clot travels to a smaller blood vessel and blocks it
A percutaneous approach of accessing a blood vessel (before this the blood vessel had to be surgically exposed–a cut down)
seldinger method
Bright blood, pulsatile
arterial access
Darker blood, not pulsatile
venous access
After procedure the blood vessels must be closed–arteries are held for ?? veins are held for??
arteries 20 minutes , veins 10 minutes
Hemodynamics is ?
recording blood pressures within a blood vessel or chamber of a heart
Pressure in arteries is ?
120/80
Pressure in veins is ?
5 (no pulse)
(RHC) right heart catheterization is accessed through?
the vein
(LHC) Left heart catheterization is accessed through?
an artery
Atherosclerosis is ?
an accumulation of plaque in the arteries
What is stenosis?
narrowing of an artery
During atherosclerosis a cap forms over the ___
plaque
The plaque plus the cap is called ?
a lesion
The plaque is highly ___
thrombogenic –prone to forming clotts
Intimal hyperplasia is when?
The artery tries to heal itself
Aneurysm is ?
an abnormal bulging
What does AAA stand for ?
abdominal aortic aneurysm
What is dissection?
separation of layers of a blood vessel results in the formation of a true or false lumen
something that travels to a small blood vessel and blocks it is called ?
embolism
Usually causes blood clots to form in the atria
Atrial fibrillation
Blood clots from the right atrium can travel to the ___ arteries and cause a pulmonary embolism
pulmonary
Blood clots from the left atrium can travel to the ____ and cause a cerebral embolism
brain
What is DVT stand for ?
deep vein thrombosis
PAD stands for ?
Peripheral arterial disease (occurs in extremities)
cramp like pain in the legs is due to ?
PAD
CVA stands for ?
cerebral vascular accident
TIA stands for ?
transient ischemic attack
What are the 2 types of stroke
Ischemic (blockage) or Hemorrhagic ( bleeding )
AVM is?
Arteriovenous malformation , tumor of blood vessels -congenital
Most common interventional procedures?
increase blood flow
What are the interventional procedures?
increase blood flow, decrease blood flow, remove foreign bodies
What is epistaxis?
nose bleed
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
What is angioplasty?
ballooning of artery
stent is?
a device that supplies support to a tubular structure
Atherectomy is ?
actual removal of plaque
Thrombolysis is ?
to dissolve a clot
Thrombectomy is ?
remove blood clot
Foreign bodies can be—
guide wire , catheters, snare look, grasping devices
Inferior vena cava filter is placed in
IVC
inferior vena cava catheter catches a ___ and prevents ___
DVT deep vein thrombus —prevents PE
Balloon pump gives the heart __
extra beat
balloon pump inflates during ?
hearts diastole (resting )
