Section C: The cell Flashcards
golgi apparatus/body
> Also known as dictyosome
system of double membrane sacs
Packages and secretes cellular products eg: enzymes
*small vacuoles used to transport substances within cells
cell wall
> Gives shape to plant cells
Protects cell content and prevents plant cell from bursting
Enables water and dissolved substances to pass freely through it
*the outer boundary of a plant cell
Vacuole
> gives shape to plant cells
Regulates the water content of cells
Stores solutes eg: minerals
fluid in a vacuole is known as cell sap
membrane around vacuole known as tonoplast
Chloroplasts
> Plastids found in some plant cells
Contain the green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight during photosynthesis
Cytosol/cytoplasm
> Found in plants and animal cells
Site of most chemical reactions
Transports minerals, dissolved nutrients and gases by diffusion
It is the fluid in which organelles are found
Consist of 90% water with dissolved substances: organic and inorganic
* the watery/ jelly-like substance inside a cell
Intercellular space
> Contains air
Allows for the interchange of gases
Cell membrane
> Also known as plasma membrane/plasmalemella
Has 2 layers of phospholipids molecule
Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Substances pass through cell membrane through: passive diffusion, osmosis, active transport
Have microvilli which increase the surface area of the cell to enable absorption
Nucleus
> Found in cells
Surrounded by a double nuclear membrane which has pores
Contains nuclear material mainly DNA and RNA
DNA- forms genetic material of the chromosones
Nucleolus is a dense body in the nucleus consisting of RNA
Controls protein synthesis
Nucleoplasm
contains free nucleotides
Ribosomes
site of protein sythesis
nuclear membrane
> Double membrane surrounding nuclear material
Has pores for transport
Sometimes continuous with endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) rough
> Facilitates transport of large molecules within cytoplasm
Rough because of associated ribosomes
*a transport system of double membranes to move larger molecules
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) smooth
> Facilitates transport of large molecules within cytoplasm
*a transport system of double membranes to move larger molecules
Nuclear pore
allows connection with cytoplasm
nucleolus
> Stores/makes ribosomal RNA
Has no membrane
*dark region in the nucleus consisting mostly of RNA
Chromatin material
> Consists of chromosomes made up of DNA
Is the genetic material of a cell
*long tangled strands of DNA in the nucleus
Centrosome/centrioles
a cellular structure involved in the process of cell division.
*organelle that forms fibers used in cell division
microville
increase area for absorption
mitochondrion
> powerhouse of the cell
where respiration occurs
found in both plants and animal cells
outer membrane-smooth and inner membrane-folds called cristae
cells that require a lot of energy have many mitochondria
an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, where the processes of respiration and energy production occur.
lysosome
contains digestive enzymes
*small membranous sacs that contain digestive enzymes
phospholipids
Molecules making up cell membranes that have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
leucoplast
a colourless organelle found in plant cells, used for the storage of starch
stroma
the liquid matrix in chloroplasts
Thylakoids / lameli
grana are made up of stacked membranes found in chloroplast
cristae
folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria that increase the surface area for the chemical reactions of cellular respiration
turgid
when a cell is firm as a result of turgor pressure it is
flaccid
a cell that lacks turgidity, it is not swollen and plump, but loose or floppy
matrix
fluid inside the mitochondria
tonoplasts
the membrane around a vacuole
3 layers of a cell wall
middle lamella= pectin
primary cell wall=cellulose
secondary cell wall=cellulose and lignin
plasmodesmata
pores allow cytoplasmic threads to connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells
plasmodesmata
pores allow cytoplasmic threads to connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells
plasmodesmata
pores allow cytoplasmic threads to connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells
chromoplasts
plastids that contain orange, red and yellow pigments
