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Biology > Section C: The cell > Flashcards

Section C: The cell Flashcards

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1
Q

golgi apparatus/body

A

> Also known as dictyosome
system of double membrane sacs
Packages and secretes cellular products eg: enzymes
*small vacuoles used to transport substances within cells

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2
Q

cell wall

A

> Gives shape to plant cells
Protects cell content and prevents plant cell from bursting
Enables water and dissolved substances to pass freely through it
*the outer boundary of a plant cell

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3
Q

Vacuole

A

> gives shape to plant cells
Regulates the water content of cells
Stores solutes eg: minerals
fluid in a vacuole is known as cell sap
membrane around vacuole known as tonoplast

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4
Q

Chloroplasts

A

> Plastids found in some plant cells
Contain the green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight during photosynthesis

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5
Q

Cytosol/cytoplasm

A

> Found in plants and animal cells
Site of most chemical reactions
Transports minerals, dissolved nutrients and gases by diffusion
It is the fluid in which organelles are found
Consist of 90% water with dissolved substances: organic and inorganic
* the watery/ jelly-like substance inside a cell

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6
Q

Intercellular space

A

> Contains air
Allows for the interchange of gases

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7
Q

Cell membrane

A

> Also known as plasma membrane/plasmalemella
Has 2 layers of phospholipids molecule
Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Substances pass through cell membrane through: passive diffusion, osmosis, active transport
Have microvilli which increase the surface area of the cell to enable absorption

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

> Found in cells
Surrounded by a double nuclear membrane which has pores
Contains nuclear material mainly DNA and RNA
DNA- forms genetic material of the chromosones
Nucleolus is a dense body in the nucleus consisting of RNA
Controls protein synthesis

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9
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

contains free nucleotides

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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

site of protein sythesis

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11
Q

nuclear membrane

A

> Double membrane surrounding nuclear material
Has pores for transport
Sometimes continuous with endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (ER) rough

A

> Facilitates transport of large molecules within cytoplasm
Rough because of associated ribosomes
*a transport system of double membranes to move larger molecules

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13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (ER) smooth

A

> Facilitates transport of large molecules within cytoplasm
*a transport system of double membranes to move larger molecules

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14
Q

Nuclear pore

A

allows connection with cytoplasm

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15
Q

nucleolus

A

> Stores/makes ribosomal RNA
Has no membrane
*dark region in the nucleus consisting mostly of RNA

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16
Q

Chromatin material

A

> Consists of chromosomes made up of DNA
Is the genetic material of a cell
*long tangled strands of DNA in the nucleus

17
Q

Centrosome/centrioles

A

a cellular structure involved in the process of cell division.
*organelle that forms fibers used in cell division

18
Q

microville

A

increase area for absorption

19
Q

mitochondrion

A

> powerhouse of the cell
where respiration occurs
found in both plants and animal cells
outer membrane-smooth and inner membrane-folds called cristae
cells that require a lot of energy have many mitochondria
an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, where the processes of respiration and energy production occur.

20
Q

lysosome

A

contains digestive enzymes
*small membranous sacs that contain digestive enzymes

21
Q

phospholipids

A

Molecules making up cell membranes that have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads

22
Q

leucoplast

A

a colourless organelle found in plant cells, used for the storage of starch

23
Q

stroma

A

the liquid matrix in chloroplasts

24
Q

Thylakoids / lameli

A

grana are made up of stacked membranes found in chloroplast

25
Q

cristae

A

folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria that increase the surface area for the chemical reactions of cellular respiration

26
Q

turgid

A

when a cell is firm as a result of turgor pressure it is

27
Q

flaccid

A

a cell that lacks turgidity, it is not swollen and plump, but loose or floppy

28
Q

matrix

A

fluid inside the mitochondria

29
Q

tonoplasts

A

the membrane around a vacuole

30
Q

3 layers of a cell wall

A

middle lamella= pectin
primary cell wall=cellulose
secondary cell wall=cellulose and lignin

31
Q

plasmodesmata

A

pores allow cytoplasmic threads to connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells

31
Q

plasmodesmata

A

pores allow cytoplasmic threads to connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells

31
Q

plasmodesmata

A

pores allow cytoplasmic threads to connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells

32
Q

chromoplasts

A

plastids that contain orange, red and yellow pigments

Biology (2 decks)

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