Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History: Britain > Section C : Reform > Flashcards

Section C : Reform Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards World History 101 flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards
1
Q

What pressure from below was there in the passing of the 1832 GRA?

A
  • Early Radicalism (Long term)
  • Swing Movement 1830 (rural discontent at poverty and threshing machines akin to luddites)
  • Widespread Riots following Lords’ rejection of second Reform Bill (Nottingham + Derby)
  • Thomas Attwood’s Political Unions (Unite m/c and w/c by 1832 over 100,000 attending BPU meetings)
  • Days of May 1832
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the Swing Movement of 1830?

A

-Rising discontent and violence akin to the luddites against replacement via machinery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many rotten and pocket boroughs were disenfranchised in the 1832 GRA and why?

A
  • 56 rocket + pocket boroughs

- Whigs removed them as they were viewed as Tory favourable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why was pressure from below possibly insignificant in the 1832 GRA?

A

-The main features of the bill were decided well before popular pressure had reached its height.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many people attended the BPU in 1832?

A

-100,000 attendees in 1832, a united front from the middle class and working class.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why were the Whigs particularly desperate to pass the 1832 GRA?

A
  • They had been in opposition since 1807

- “Reform that ye may preserve”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many men could now vote as a result of the 1832 GRA?

A

-1 in 5 adult men could now vote.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How did the 1832 GRA divide the classes?

A

-The middle class was separated from the w/c as a result of the £10 household suffrage clause.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What evidence is there that seats were not fairly distributed after the 1832 GRA?

A

-Totnes, with a population of (179) had the same amount of MPs as Liverpool population of (8500)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happened to the aristocracy as a result of the 1832 GRA?

A
  • Nothing, landed interests still dominated Parliament.

- Corruption and bribery continued.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How were seats redistributed in the 1867 SRA?

A
  • 45 taken from the boroughs
  • 25 seats given to the counties
  • This benefited the conservatives.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Whose death influenced the 1867 SRA?

A

-Palmerston had died, it was an unwritten rule that reform would not occur whilst he was alive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How might principles might have influenced the 1867 SRA?

A

-Gladstone was impressed by the working class’ morality in regards to the North in the American Civil War.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How did political self-interest influence the 1867 SRA?

A
  • Lord Russell was ageing and wanted to cement his name in history.
  • Gladstone wanted to use it as a launching pad.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why were the conservatives desperate to pass reform through the 1867 SRA?

A

-The conservatives had faced 20 years in opposition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Was pressure from below a notable motivator of the 1867 SRA?

A
  • There was no substantial pressure from below

- However, population had increased from the 1832 reform by 5 million.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many men could now vote thanks to the 1867 SRA?

A

-From 1 in 5 to 1 in 3 men.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Was the SRA effective at changing overrepresentation?

A

-No, over representation continued.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why was SRA crucial to the development of party organisation?

A
  • This massively enlarged electorate made organisation vital to a party’s success in the election.
  • Parties now knew that social reforms could gain them favour.
  • If reform was inevitable, then why not take the opportunity?
20
Q

When was the Secret Ballot Act passed?

A

-1872

21
Q

When was the Corrupt Practices Act passed and what was it?

A
  • 1883
  • set a limit on expenditure and prohibited treating and bribery.
  • Required expenditure to be accounted for.
22
Q

What was the significance of the 1872 Secret Ballot Act?

A
  • In the short term, votes could still be bought.
  • In the long term, the system was made more representative and democratic.
  • Allowed groups such as the IHR to oppose traditionally powerful figures.
23
Q

What was the significance of the 1883 Corrupt Practices Act?

A
  • Within 30 years amount per vote spent fell from roughly 18s to 3s.
  • The use of volunteers now essential
24
Q

What did the 1884 TRA entail?

A
  • Household suffrage

- Lodger franchise extended to the counties.

25
Q

Why did Gladstone pass the 1884 TRA?

A

-He was keen to restore his waning popularity and satisfy his radical critics.

26
Q

Why did Hartington (Whig) want to pass the 1884 TRA?

A

-Prioritised a redistribution bill after to counter the effects of any franchise extension.

27
Q

Why did Chamberlain (Radical) want to pass the 1884 TRA?

A

-Needed a radical measure to restore his credentials.

28
Q

Why did Salisbury (Conservative) want to shape re-distribution of seats?

A

-Wanted to shape the re-distribution of seats. Hoped the issue would split the liberals.

29
Q

How many men could now vote under the 1884 TRA?

A

-From 1 in 3 men to 2 in 3 men.

30
Q

How did the 1884 TRA transform the electoral system?

A

-The electoral system was now dominated by city and suburban interests.

31
Q

How did the 1884 TRA alter the power of the aristocracy?

A

-Decline of aristocratic influence sped up - stranglehold of landowners now gone forever.

32
Q

What did the 1911 Parliament Act and Payment of MPs entail?

A
  • Introduced salaries for MPs.
  • Nearly all constituencies were now single member and proportional.
  • House of Lords power massively decreased, their delaying of legislation reduced to 2 years.
33
Q

What was the significance of the 1911 Reform Acts?

A
  • Working men could now enter Parliament as MPs
  • The power of the Lords became significantly reduced
  • The House of Commons could finally overrule the Lords
34
Q

How did the 1918 RoPA ensure proper representation?

A
  • Single member constituencies were redistributed so that:

- 70,000 = 1 member constituency

35
Q

What was the significant change of the 1918 RoPA?

A

-Women over 30 could now vote.

36
Q

What was the pressure from above in regards to the 1918 RoPA?

A
  • Lloyd George and his new Mps were supportive of votes for women.
  • Asquith praised women’s warwork and absence of terrorism.
37
Q

What was the pressure from below in regards to the 1918 RoPA?

A
  • Influence of Women’s wartime patriotism (Canaries in Munitions factories)
  • Suffragette terrorism halting and fear of it returning post-war.
  • Disenfranchised returning soldiers
38
Q

What was the significance of the 1918 RoPA?

A
  • Roughly 3 in 4 adults enfranchised.

- Women enfranchised.

39
Q

How did political party rivalry influence the 1832 GRA?

A

-Whigs (v Tories) Whigs had struggled in political fortunes for last 50 years. Reform was seen as a form of revival.

40
Q

How did political party rivalry influence the 1867 SRA?

A
  • Tories (v Whigs) Tories’ experience after 1832 shows franchise extension as a means of altering political fortunes.
  • Content of 1867 uncontrolled. (Focus on boroughs helped conservatives)
41
Q

What alternative factors explain franchise extension?

A
  • Social factors:
  • Bigger population
  • Urbanisation
  • Growth of the middle class
42
Q

How did individual/personal political rivalry influence the 1867 SRA?

A
  • Disraeli v Gladstone

- This influenced content and willingness to accept amendments from anyone other than Gladstone.

43
Q

How did individual/personal political rivalry influence the 1884 TRA?

A

-Gladstone wanted an achievement and had various rivalries within party - Hartington, Chamberlain and Salisbury.

44
Q

How was reform often somewhat principled?

A
  • Redistribution
  • Secret Ballot
  • Household Suffrage
45
Q

Why is principle perhaps insignificant?

A

-Timing of reform was not determined by popular pressure or by ideas, but by politicians (Palmerston stopped it)

History: Britain (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions