Section C - Part 2 Flashcards
Gross Anatomy-
Study of large or gross structures, done through dissection and visible inspection
Microscopic Anatomy-
2 parts
Cytology –study of structure, function and cell development fluid, pap smears
Histology-study of tissues and organs tissue work with a lot of chemicals
Developmental Anatomy-
studies growth and development, e.g.- embryology
Comparative Anatomy
Anatomy-Comparison of human body to that of the animals
Systematic Anatomy
The study of structure and functions of various organs e.g. Dermatology (skin, hair and nails) -
Metabolism:
Functional activity of a cell that result in growth ,digestion, absorption and secretions resulting in the release of energy-2 processes
Anabolism:
building up of complex materials from simple material, e.g. food
Catabolism:
The breaking down and changing of complex materials into simpler ones with the release of energy and CO2
Organization of the Human Body
Atom molecule organelle cell tissue organs organ system organism
Basic structural and functional unit of life is the cell
Dorsal cavity
Cranial – brain
Vertebral cavity
spinal cord
–Meninges
Ventral cavity
(Anterior)
Thoracic or pleural – Medial portion (mediastinum
lungs, heart, esophagus, and trachea
Diaphragm
Abdominopelvic
Abdominal cavity (Superior portion) – organs of digestion –stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestines
Pelvic cavity
Lower-Inferior portion
– contains the rectum, urinary bladder,
internal reproductive organs,and the rest of the large intestine
Antecubital-
depressed area in the front of the elbow
Antebrachial
between the wrist and the elbow
Brachial
upper arm
Buccal
inside the cheeks
Planter-
sole of the feet
Lumbar-
lower back
Anatomical position
Body is standing upright, facing forward, with the arms at the sides and palms of hands facing forward
Supine:
lying face upward (on back/spine)
Prone:
lying face downwards(on stomach)
Sagittal or median) plane
divides body into right and left portions
Frontal or coronal) plane
divides body into anterior (frontal/front) and posterior ( rear/back
Transverse or horizontal)
plane – divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
Anterior (ventral)-
toward the front or on the front of the body e.g. the knees
Posterior (dorsal)-
toward the back or on the back of the body, e.g. the heart vs sternum
Superior (cranial)-
close to the head or upper body, e.g. lung vs diaphragm
Inferior (caudal)-
away from the head or close to the feet, e.g. neck vs head
Superficial( external)-
near the surface or outside, e.g blood is drawn from superficial veins
Deep (internal)-away from the body surface-structures on the inside
internal organ such as the spleen
Central
situated around the centre of the body(torso & head) or organ, e.g. CNS location
Peripheral
situated away from the centre of an organ or body, e.g. peripheral nervous system (outside)vs central nervous system. Arms and legs
Medial
close to the middle of the body, e.g. nose vs ear
Lateral
away from the midline or on the side, e.g. ears vs nose
Proximal-
closer to the point of attachment or trunk (torso), e.g. knees vs toes
Distal
away from the point of attachment or trunk, e.g fingers vs elbow
Proximal and distal are used to describe appendages
Ipsilateral
body parts located on the same side e.g the right hand vs right foot
Contralateral
body parts located on the opposite sides e.g the right hand vs left foot
Axial portion
head, neck, and trunk
Trunk
thorax, abdomen and pelvis