Section C flashcards to learn

Question 1

1: Vikings - Social/cultural context

Answer 1

• from around 800s, Viking settled in England
• spoke Old Norse
• need to communicate (trade, intermarriage etc.)

Question 2

1: Vikings - Elaboration and evidence

Answer 2

• grammatical stripping of m-s lead to gradual word order
• borrow prepositions (‘with’ and ‘to’)
  -2-1000 words borrowed (skill and craft, rear and raise)

Question 3

1: Vikings - Supporting quotation and citation

Answer 3

‘In all, up to 1000 Norse Words were permanently added to the English lexicon’ (Thehistoryofenglish.com)

Question 4

1: Vikings - Link to topic/ catalyse

Answer 4

• Invasion
• Need to communicate & not for identity as much

Question 5

2: French - Social/cultural context

Answer 5

• 1066, W.Conqueror = foreign king - installs French nobility to increase power in England
• Stratified power - wealth, power status= French & peasants = Old English

Question 6

2: French - Elaboration and evidence

Answer 6

• Hierarchy of Latin (church), French (nobles) & Old English (peasants) showed in lang.
• e.g kingly, motherly & forgive (OE), royal, maternal & pardon (F), regal (L)

Question 7

2: French - Supporting quotation and citation

Answer 7

• ‘more formal vocabulary’ (Cambridge Dictionary)
• ‘demoted to everyday, unprestigious uses’ (ThoughtCo team)

Question 8

2: French - Link to topic/catalyse

Answer 8

• Invasion = adjust to society and bring lang. change through hierarchy

Question 9

3: Covid - Social/cultural context

Answer 9

• 2020 = pandemic of Coronavirus hit - led to introduction of lockdown due to quarantine for it to not spread

Question 10

3: Covid - Elaboration and evidence

Answer 10

• many words (nouns and lexical verbs) change meaning
  e.g social distance, isolation, quarantine
• Shortening of words because of overuse also common
  e.g Corona - ‘Rona’
• Introduction of new words
  e.g ‘corona babies’ meaning children born during covid19

Question 11

3: Covid -Supporting quotation and citation

Answer 11

‘Has brought previously obscure medical words to the forefront of everyday speech’ (M. Alrahaili,linguist)

Question 12

3: Covid - Link to topic/catalyse

Answer 12

• Creativity - need for new words to describe new occurrences

Question 13

Texting/emoji - Social/Cultural context

Answer 13

Invention of new tech meant ppl not using standard and using emojis

Question 14

Texting/Emoji - Elaboration/evidence

Answer 14

• emojis used to communicate feelings like frustration (e.g)
• shortening of pronoun “you” - ‘u’ and aux verb ‘are’ - ‘r’

Question 15

Texting/emoji - Supporting quotation/citation

Answer 15

‘These evolutions of language are swift, clever and context-specific’ (Lauren Collister, the conversation)

Question 16

Texting/Emoji - Link to the topic

Answer 16

Creativity of new language etc.

Question 17

Standard/printing press - Social/cultural context

Answer 17

• in 1400s-1700s, no “correct” way of spelling a word
• because increase want for literacy, increase want for standardisation/codification

Question 18

Standard/Printing press - Elaboration/evidence

Answer 18

FIND EGS

Question 19

Standard/Printing press - Supporting quotation/ citation

Answer 19

‘More than 80 different spellings of Shakespeares name had been recorded’ (History of English website)