Section B Population Change Flashcards
Thesis
the population grew steadily until the 1650s, when it slowed and even declined. Population growth was caused by rural change and encouraged urban development, although towns also grew to changes in national markets, migration and the cloth trade.
Themes
growth & decline; London and its population; impact of London’s growth
population growth up to 1650s caused by
Population growth up to 1650s was caused by long term domestic peace, enclosures increasing food production and Protestant migration from abroad.
Population stagnation in the second half of the century caused by
Population stagnation in the second half of the century was caused by civil war, 1665 plague, emigration to the American colonies for religious reasons and the trend for later marriage which in turn led to smaller families.
Fertility rates
Fertility rates were high in the 16th century, but reached a low-point between 1650-80, when they started to rise again. This later rise was due to the effect of London’s growth.
reasons of migration
Because the job market was limited in the countryside and smaller towns, there was more migration to London, which led to its rapid growth in 17th century.
London’s population: 1625, 1660, 1688, 1700
By 1625 London’s population was 200,000, by 1660 it was 400,000 and by 1688 it was 500,000 and the largest in Europe. London was larger than the next 50 largest towns in England (including Norwich, Newcastle and Bristol). 9% of the population lived in London by 1700, up from 2.25% in 1520.
increased demand for food in London
The demographic growth of London generated demand for more food from the countryside (400% more grain in 1688 than in 1660) and created a series of economic changes in the countryside.
Turnpike Act
The demands of London required better organisation of market (national markets) which also needed a good road and transport system. The Turnpike Act of 1663 helped stimulate the growth of London in this way.
Factors helping to stimulate London
Rapid population growth and demographic change caused London to grow, but there were other factors in existence which helped to stimulate London: it was the centre of the existing legal system; it was well positioned in the transport infrastructure so communication was strong; migration meant a steady supply of skilled and educated workers; the nature of the countryside to the south and west of London enabled high food production.
Provision of trade and financial services in London
London provided trade and financial services which would in turn grow the economy of Britain: such as the East India Company; the Levant Company; banks and insurance companies.
Professional services in London
London was also home to solicitors, barristers and government civil servants who provided an increasing amount of professional services to bankers and merchants.
