section B Flashcards
Question 8 . ( 23 marks)
Light Brown Apple Moth is the most destructive insect pest in Australian vineya rds:
a) Describe the phenology (seasonal occurrence) of this pest in McLaren Vale, SA (12 marks)
b) Which generation of the pest should be targeted for control if spraying insecticide is necessary? Explain the rationale for your answer. (3 marks)
c) In terms of sampling and decision making, explain the best method to obtain accurate estimates of Light Brown Apple Moth density. (3 marks)
d) How could conditions in vineyards be modified to enhance the activities of natural enemies of Light Brown A pple Moth? (5 marks)
Comparing the simplified landscape in the Barossa Valley and the complex landscape in the Adelaide Hills; where would you expect to find more natural enemies? Explain how the landscape affects population of natural enimies?
(7 Marks)
Powdery mildew can cause loss of yield and quality if not controlled early. Imagine that you are giving advice to a grower about establishing and managing a vineyard. Engaging consultants is not an option.
(a) What fa ctors should be taken into account when establishing vine rows and deciding on canopy management and why? (3 marks)
(b) What causes powdery mildew and how would the grower recognise the disease? (3 marks)
(c) Summarise the disease cycle and explain the importance of understanding it when attempting to manage powdery mildew. (1 0 marks)
Disease is commonly assessed as incidence and/or severity. Explain what is meant by (a) disease incidence and (b) disease seve rity. If you are assessing disease on bunches close to harvest , which of these measures would you use and why?
Question 11 . (5 marks)
List 4 ( FOUR ) steps in adoption of IPM (Integrated Pest Management) for vineyards and briefly explain them.
Question 7. (8 marks)
Answer EITHER part (i ) OR part ( ii )
(i) Downy mildew epidemics are most likely when the weather in Spring is wet. Explain why this is so, using knowledge of pathogen biology and the disease in your answer. Comment briefly on the challenges this presents for managing downy mildew in Australia.
(ii) Eutypa dieback is a serious disease in established vineyards. Explain how you would recognise the disease. Describe the methods that might be implemented to manage Eutypa dieback and explain the rationale for each method.
Question 12 . (9 marks)
Draw a graph of the population density of a hypothetical pest over time with appropriate labels. Show the Economic Injury Level (EIL), Economic Threshold (ET), and also pest population trend after AND without applying control measure (6 marks)
In comparison with wine grapes, the action thresholds for table grape varieties are lower or higher? Expla in the rationale behind your answer. (4 marks)
Question 8. (10 marks)
How can we encourage natural enemies to enhance biological control in vineyards? List 3 ( THREE ) points and explain them.
Question 9. (12 marks)
Diseases caused by fungi and fungus - like pathogens are a particular threat to vineyards when weather during the growing season is mild - warm and wet. Explain why this is so and what measures might be taken to reduce the risk of damage. Use one disease to illustrate your answer.
Question 10. (15 marks)
Disease is commonly assessed as incidence and/or severity. Explain what is meant by (a) disease incidence and (b) disease severity. If you are assessing disease on bunches close to harvest, which of these measures would you use and why?
Question 11 . (5 marks)
Answer EITHER part (i) OR part (ii)
(a) Powdery mildew needs to be managed in most parts of the world each year, irrespective of the weather. Explain why this is so, using knowledge of pathogen biology and the disease in your answer.
(b) Trunk diseases are an insidious threat to the longevity of vineyards. Explain how you would distinguish between eutypa dieback and botryosphaeria dieback. Briefly describe the methods that might be implemented to manage trunk diseases and explain the rational e for each method.
Question (10 marks)
