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Section B Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different type of networks

A

Local area network
Personal area network
Wide area network
Wireless local area network
Storage area network

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2
Q

What is a local area network

A

A local area network is one that spans a relatively small geographical area, usually a building or site

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3
Q

What are the benefits of a local area network

A
  • Can share peripherals such as a printer which reduces
  • Can share files and software applications between devices without the need to use external methods
  • Improved security because it’s centralized
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4
Q

What is a Wireless local area network

A

The same as local area network but uses wireless connections

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5
Q

What are the benefits of a wireless local area network

A
  • No cables trailing around, which reduces tripping hazards
  • doesn’t require physical access points which limits connectivity
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6
Q

What is a storage area network

A

It’s another type of LAN, however its a specifically specialized high-speed network designed to provide block level access to data storage, it’s only used for storage and is kept separate from the LAN

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7
Q

What are the benefits of a storage area network

A

It’s used when there are large and ever expanding data storage requirements

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8
Q

WHAT IS A WIDE AREA NETWORK

A

THIS IS A NETWORK THAT SPANS A LARGE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA SUCH AS AN ENTIRE COUNTRY OR THE WHOLE WORLD

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9
Q

WHAT IS A PERSONAL AREA NETWORK

A

A PAN IS A NETWORK THAT IS USED TO CONNECT DEVICES WITHIN THE RANGE OF A SINGLE PERSON

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10
Q

WHAT IS THE INTRANET

A

AN INTRANET IS A NETWORK THAT USES COMMON INTERNET PROTOCOLS SUCH AS TCP/IP, IT GIVES YOUR LOCAL AREA NETWORK OR PRIVATE WIDE AREA NETWORK ACCESS TO INTERNET SERVICES SUCH AS PRIVATE WEBSITES

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11
Q

WHAT IS THE EXTRANET

A

THIS IS A PRIVATE INTRANET THAT IS ACCESSIBLE BY SELECTED EXTERNAL ORGANISATIONS SUCH AS SUPPLIERS OR CUSTOMERS, IT ALLOWS YOU TO PROVIDE INFORMATION WITH THIRD-PARTIES WITHOUT PROVIDING ACCESS TO THE ORGANISATIONS ENTIRE NETWORK

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12
Q

WHAT IS THE INTERNET

A

A WORLDWIDE NETWORK THAT IS MADE UP OF INTERCONNECTED SMALLER NETWORKS TO ALLOW FOR GLOBAL COMMUNICATION

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13
Q

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY

A
  • MODERN COMPUTERS DON’T PROVIDE AN ETHERNET PORT AND RELY ENTIRELY ON WIRELESS CONNECTIONS
  • ALLOWS VISITORS TO EASILY CONNECT TO A BUSINESSE’S NETWORK IN ORDER TO ACCESS RESOURCES
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14
Q

WHAT ARE THE DRAWBACKS OF WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY

A
  • EASIER FOR MALICIOUS USERS TO CONNECT TO THE NETWORK
  • IF THE CORRECT INFRASTRUCTURE, POLICIES AND TOOLS ARE NOT IN PLACE, THEN SOMEONE THAT CONNECTS TO THEIR WAN CAN CAUSE SERIOUS DAMAGE
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15
Q

WHAT IS A PHYSICAL NETWORK TOPLOGY

A

A NETWORK TOPOLOGY DETERMINES HOW DEVICES ON A NETWORK ARE PHYSICALLY ARRANGED( THE WAY CABLES ARE USED AND ARRANGED)

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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

A
  • STAR
  • MESH
  • HIERARCHAL
  • EXTENDED STAR
  • WIRELESS MESH
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17
Q

WHAT IS A STAR TOPOLOGY

A

A STAR NETWORK TOPOLOGY CONSISTS OF A CENTRAL HUB WITH EACH NODE(A DEVICE WITH THE NETWORK) CONNECTED TO IT

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18
Q

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE STAR NETWORK TOPOLOGY

A

ADVANTAGES
- IF ONE NODE GOES DOWN THE NETWORK WILL CONTINUE TO RUN EXCEPT FOR THE CENTRAL HUB
- EASY TO SET UP AND TROUBLE SHOOT

DISADVANTAGES
- REQUIRES A LOT OF CABLING WHICH MAKES IT EXPENSIVE TO SET UP AND MAINTAIN
- IF THE ROOT NODE GOES DOWN THE WHOLE NETWORK WILL ALSO GO DOWN

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19
Q

WHAT IS THE EXTENDED STAR TOPOLOGY

A

IT USED THE SAME FRAMEWORK AS THE STAR TOPOLOGY BUT HAS EXTRA LAYERS TO EXTEND THE MAXIMUM RANGE

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20
Q

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE EXTENDED STAR TOPOLOGY

A

ADVANTAGES
- IT HAS GREATER RANGE THAN THE STAR TOPOLOGY

DISADVANTAGES
- FURTHER INCREASES THE COSTS DUE TO ADDITONAL HUBS AND CONNECTIONS

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21
Q

WHAT IS A HIERARCHIAL TOPOLOGY

A

A HIERARCHIAL TOPOLOGY IS WHERE THE DEVICES CONNECT TO A CENTRAL HUB WHICH WILL IN TURN CONNECT TO A CENTRAL BUS BACKBONE

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22
Q

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE HIERARCHIAL TOPOLOGY

A

ADVANTAGES
- HIGHLY EXPANDABLE AS YOU CAN ADD ADDITONAL STARS TO THE BUS BACKBONE

DISADVANTAGES
- IF THE BUS BACKBONE GOES DOWN THE WHOLE NETWORK GOES DOWN WITH IT

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23
Q

WHAT IS A WIRELESS MESH TOPOLOGY?

A

A MESH TOPOLOGY CONSISTS OF NODES CONNECTED WITH MANY REDUNDANT INTERCONNECTIONS WITH SEVERAL NODES, A FULL MESH WILL INVOLVE EVERY NODE HAVING A CONNECTION TO EVERY OTHER NODE

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24
Q

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF A WIRELESS MESH TOPOLOGY?

A

ADVANTAGES
- IF ONE NODE FAILS ANOTHER CAN REPLACE IT
- FALSE IDENTIFICATION IS RELATIVELY EASY

DISADVANTAGES
- REQUIRES LOTS OF REDUNDANT CABLING TO CONNECT TO ACCESS POINTS
- INSTALLATION AND SETUP IS MORE COMPLICATED COMPARED TO OTHER NETWORKS

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25
WHAT IS AN AD-HOC TOPOLOGY
THIS IS A LAN THAT IS BUILT AS DEVICES CONNECT
26
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OR AN AD-HOC TOPOLOGY
ADVANTAGES - DOESN'T REQUIRE ACCESS POINTS WHICH MAKES IT CHEAPER DISADVANTAGES - AS THE NETWORK GROWS PERFORMANCE CAN SUFFER AND NOT WORKING ACCORDINGLY
27
WHAT IS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE IS CONSIDERED THE LAYOUT AND DESIGN OF A NETWORK
28
WHAT IS A END-USER DEVICES
THIS REFERS TO THE SIDE-USER DEVICES SUCH AS PERSONAL COMPUTERS AND MOBILE DEVICES, THERE ARE DEVICES USED TO ACCESS THE SERVICES OVER THE NETWORK SUCH AS PRINTERS AND FILES
29
WHAT ARE CONNECTIVITY DEVICES
THEY ARE DEVICES THAT ARE USED TO CONNECT DIFFERENT HARDWARE COMPONENTS IN A NETWORK SO THAT DATA CAN BE TRANSMITTED
30
WHAT ARE THE 6 MAJOR CONNECTIVITY DEVICES AND WHAT DO THEY DO
SWITCHES - CREATES A LOCAL AREA NETWORK BY CONNECTING DEVICES SUCH AS SERVERS, PERSONAL COMPUTERS&PRINTERS, IT ALSO MANAGES FLOW OF DATA ROUTERS - CONNECT 2 OR MORE NETWORKS, THEY ARE GENERALLY FOUND BETWEEN NETWORKS AS A INTERNET ACCESS POINTS - CREATES A WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK BY CONNECTING DEVICES THROUGH WI-FI MULTI-FUNCTIONAL DEVICES - COMPONENTS THAT HAVE MORE THAN ONE FUNCTION USB HUBS - CONNECTS MULTIPLE USB DEVICES MODEMS - ALLOWS COMMUNICATION OVER DIFFERENT CONNECTION MEDIA SUCH AS ETHERNET OR SATELLITE CONNECTION.
31
WHAT IS CONNECTION MEDIA
THIS IS A METHOD OF CONNECTING NODES IN A NETWORK FOR THE PURPOSE CREATING INTERCONNECTIVITY, CONNECTION CAN BE WIRED OR WIRELESS
32
WHAT IS THE LINK BETWEEN ETHERNET CABLES AND HARDWARE DEVICES
WE USE ETHERNET CABLES TO CONNECT THE MAJORITY OF THE DIFFERENT HARDWARE DEVICES IN OUR LOCAL AREA NETWORK
33
NAME ONE OF WIRED CONNECTIONS
FIBRE OPTIC CABLES THIS CABLE IS MADE OF TINY REFLECTIVE FIBRES THAT TRANSMIT DATA AS PULSES OF LIGHT, FIBRE IS COMMANLY USED IN A WAN THEY ALSO USED IN STORAGE AREA NETWORKS
34
WHAT ARE 4 COMMON FORMS OF WIRELESS CONNECTIONS
- WIFI - BLUETOOTH - INFRARED, THIS TRANSMITS DATA THROUGH INFRARED LIGHT, IT'S LIMITED IN RANGE AND REQUIRED LINE OF SIGHT - LI-FI USES LIGHT FROM LED LIGHT BULBS TO TRANSMIT DATA BY TURNING THE LIGHT ON AND OFF, HAPPENS VERY FAST, BUT IT'S STILL AND EXPERIMENTAL EMERGING TECHNOLOGY THAT YOU WON'T SEE BEING USED AS MUCH
35
WHAT ARE EXTERNAL STORAGE DEVICES
THESE ARE USED BY ORGANISATIONS TO TRANSFER DATA FROM OUTSIDE THE NETWORK TO IT
36
NAME SOME EXTERNAL STORAGE DEVICES
USB DEVICES OPTICAL MEDIA USB FLASH DRIVES HAVE REPLACED OPTICAL MEDIA AS THEY HAVE MORE STORAGE AND ARE MORE COMPATIBLE
37
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USB FLASH STORAGE
- OFFER GREATER STORAGE CAPACITY - SMALLER SIZES - BETTER RESISTANCE TO DAMAGE - READ FASTER
38
WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF USB FLASH STORAGE
- CAN EASILY INFECT A COMPUTER WITH MALWARE - IS ALSO AN EASY WAY OF STEALING DATA FROM AN ORGANISATION
39
WHAT IS A PROTOCOL
A SET OF RULES THAT MANAGES THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT COMPUTERS ON A NETWORK
40
WHAT ARE THE 2 PROTOCOLS THAT WE USE WHEN TRANSMITTING DATA OVER A NETWORK
TCP- TRANMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL IP- INTERNET PROTOCOL
41
WHAT ARE THE 4 LAYERS OF TCP/IP
APPLICATION LAYER - THE TOP LAYER THAT DIRECTLY MEETS AND INTERACTS WITH WEB BROWSERS TRANSPORT LAYER - TCP IS USED HERE, IT WILL SPLIT THE DATA INTO PACKETS, IT WILL CHECK FOR ANY ERRORS AND PROVIDE DATA FOR REASSEMBLY INTERNET LAYER - IP IS USED HERE, IT WILL ADD THE SENDER AND RECEIVER IP ADDRESS SO THAT THE DATA PACKETS CAN REACH THEIR DESTINATION NETWORK INTERFACE LAYER - THE FINAL LAYER WHICH WILL ADD MAC ADDRESSES SO THAT IT REACHES IT'S CORRECT DEVICE AND CONVERTS THE DATA SO THAT IT CAN BE TRANSPORTED OVER THE PHYSICAL CABLES
42
WHAT IS A DEVICE OPERATING SYSTEM
IT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM THAT IS INSTALLED ON A CLIENT'S NETWORK AND IS THE SOFTWARE THAT ALLOWS YOU TO INTERACT WITH THE COMPUTER AS IT CONTROL THE COMPUTER OPERATIONS
43
WHAT 4 SERVICES DOES A DEVICE OPERATING SYSTEM PROVIDE
- MEMORY MANAGEMENT AND MULTI-TASKING - SECURITY FEATURES - MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS SO SOFTWARE CAN INTERACT WITH DIFFERENT HARDWARE - PROVIDING A USER INTERFACE THAT WILL SIMPLIFY INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE USER AND PC
44
WHAT DOES A NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM DO
IT PROVIDES SERVICES TO CLIENTS ACROSS A NETWORK
45
WHAT ARE SOME ADDITIONAL SERVICES A NETWORK OPERATING PROVIDES
IT PROVIDES THE SAME SERVICES AS A DEVICE OPERATING SYSTEM BUT ADDITIONALLY PROVIDES - NETWORK SUPPORT FOR A WIDE RANGE OF PROTOCOLS AND HANDLING TRAFFIC - USER MANAGEMENT FEATURES FOR ACCOUNT ADMINISTRATION - FILE AND PRINT SHARING
46
NAME 4 MANAGEMENT TOOLS THAT ALLOW ADMINISTRATORS TO MAINTAIN THE PERFORMANCE AND SECURITY OF A NETWORK
- PERFORMANCE MONITOR TRACKS AND LOGS KEY DATA ON NETWORK PERFORMANCE - EVENTS/LOG VIEWER ALLOWS YOU TO SEE THE EVENTS LOGS THAT SHOW IMPORTANT HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE EVENTS THAT HAVE OCCURED - VULNERABILITY SCANNER IDENTIFES WEAKNESSES IN A COMPUTER SCANNER, NETWORK OR APPLICATION THAT COULD BE EXPLOITED - PACKET SNIFFER INTERCEPTS DATA PACKETS AS THEY ARE TRANSMITTED ACROSS A NETWORK
47
NAME 3 SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS THAT ARE USED IN NETWORKING
DATABASE APPLICATIONS - STORES DATA IN A STRUCTURED MANNER ON A SERVER SO THAT DATA CAN BE ACCESSED OVER THE NETWORK BY CLIENTS DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT - THESE SYSTEMS ALLOW US TO CREATE, DISTRIBUTE,STORE&SEARCH DOCUMENTS SO THAT THEY CAN EASILY BE ACCESSED OVER A NETWORK NETWORK DISCOVERY TOOLS - SCANS NETWORKS TO DISCOVER THE DEVICES CONNECTED TO THE NETWORK AND GATHERS INFORMATION ON THOSE DEVICES
48
DESCRIBE HOW DATA IS SENT ACROSS A NETWORK
TCP WILL BREAK THE DATA INTO SMALLER PACKETS; REASSEMLE THE PACKETS AND CHECK FOR ERRORS, IP WILL ENSURE THE PACKETS HAVE THE IP ADDRESSES SO THAT THEY REACH THEIR CORRECT DESTINATION, WHEN RECEIVING THIS DATA TCP/IP WILL WORK IN REVERSE.
49
WHAT IS A NETWORK PORT
THE END POINT OF A NETWORK COMMUNICATION, THE NETWORK PORT IDENTIFIES THAT APPLICATION BEING USED SO THAT THE COMPUTER CAN HANDLE DATA COMING FROM MANY APPLICATIONS
50
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF USING NETWORK PORTS
WHEN WE SEND A DATA PACKET NOT ONLY DO WE NEED THE IP ADDRESS WE ALSO NEED TO IDENTIFY THE PORT BEING USED. THIS IS SO THAT WHEN THE RECIPIENT DEVICE RECEIVES THAT DATA IT WILL KNOW WHICH APPLICATION TO FORWARD IT TO, E.G IF IT'S PORT 80 IT'LL PASS IT TO THE WEB BROWSER. IF WE DIDN'T HAVE PORTS THE RECEIVER WOULDNT KNOW WHICH APPLICATIONS REQUIRED THE DATA, THIS WOULD MEAN ONLY USING ONE APPLICATION AT A TIME
51
NAME 5 OF THE MOST COMMON PORTS THAT ARE USED
PORT 80 - HTTP PORT THAT IS USED FOR TRANSFERRING WEB PAGES PORT 443 - HTTPS PORT THAT'S USED FOR TRANSFERRING WEB PAGES WITH ENCRYPTION PORT 25 - SMTP PORT THAT'S USED FOR SENDING AND ROUTING EMAILS PORT 143 - IMAP PORT THAT'S USED FOR RETRIEVING EMAILS PORT 20/21 - FTP PORTS THAT ARE USED FOR UPLOADING AND DOWNLOADING FILES
52
WHAT ARE 2 MAIN SECTIONS A TCP PACKET HAS
HEADER - CONTAINS INFORMATION TO HELP DELIVER THE DATA, E.G AN IDENTIFICATION NUMBER HELPING TO PUT THE PACKETS BACK TOGETHER PAYLOAD - CONTAINS THE ACTUAL DATA BEING TRANSMITTED
53
WHAT IS AN IP ADDRESS
A STRING OF NUMBERS THAT WILL UNIQUELY IDENTIFY A COMPUTER THAT'S CONNECTED TO THE INTERNET OR ANY NETWORK THAT USES THE IP PROTOCOL
54
WHAT IS A DOMAIN
A DOMAIN IS A GROUP OF: - WORKSTATIONS - PRINTERS - NETWORK DEVICES - SERVER USERS THAT SHARE DATA
55
WHAT IS THE DOMAIN CONTROLLER
ANY USERS THAT CONNECTS TO A DEVICE WITH A NETWORK WILL NEED TO AUTHENTICATE THEMSELVES THROUGH USERNAME AND PASSWORD, IN ORDER TO ACCESS THE DOMAIN AND NETWORK
56
WHAT ARE SUBDOMAINS
WHEN YOU CREATE MULTIPLE DOMAINS TO DECENTRALISE THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE NETWORK, RATHER THAN HAVING ONE GIANT NETWORK TO ADMINISTRATE WE HAVE SMALLER ONES WHICH WILL LIMIT ACCESS. LEADS TO BETTER SECURITY
57
WHAT IS NETWORK SEGMENTATION
WHEN CREATING A SINGLE LARGE NETWORK, WE CAN SPLIT A NETWORK INTO MULTIPLE SUBNETWORKS
58
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF NETWORK SEGMENTATION
- IMPROVES PERFORMANCE AS IT REDUCES THE AMOUNT OF NETWORK TRAFFIC BY DIVIDING THAT TRAFFIC OVER MULTIPLE NETWORKS - IMPROVES SECURITY AS IT MINIMISES THE IMPACT WHEN A MALICIOUS USER GAINS ACCESS TO A NETWORK, THEY WILL ONLY HAVE ACCESS TO DEVICES AND DATA ON ONE SEGMENT
59
WHAT IS DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM
THIS TRANSLATES DOMAIN NAMES INTO IP ADDRESSES
60
WHAT ARE DIRECTORY SERVICES
DIRECTORY SERVICES ARE USED ORGANISE INFORMATION ON NETWORK OBJECTS SUCH AS USERS AND COMPUTERS, THIS WAY ALL INFORMATION ABOUT THE NETWORK IS AVAILABLE FROM A SINGLE REPOSITERY
61
NAME 3 COMMON DIRECTORY SERVICES
ACTIVE DIRECTORY - THE DIRECTORY SERVICE INCLUDED IN WINDOWS SERVER NOS OPEN DIRECTORY - THE DIRECTORY SERVICE INCLUDED IN THE MACOS OPEN LDAP - A FREE OPEN SOURCE DIRECTORY SERVICE INCLUDED IN LINUX NOS
62
WHAT ARE AUTHENTICATION SERVICES
THEY PROVIDE USERNAME AND PASSWORD LOGIN AUTHENTICATION, WHEN A USER WANTS TO CONNECT TO A DEVICE THEY NEED TO AUTHENTICATE THEMSELVES
63
WHAT IS DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL (DHCP)
THIS IS A PROTOCOL THAT IS USED TO AUTMATICALLY ASSIGN IP ADDRESSES TO THE DIFFERENT DEVICES CONNECTED TO A NETWORK
64
WHAT IS ROUTING
THE PROCESS OF DIRECTING DATA PACKETS BETWEEN MULTIPLE NETWORKS TO REACH ITS DESTINATION
65
WHAT ARE FILE SERVERS USED FOR
FILE SERVERS ARE USED FOR THE CENTRALISED STORAGE AND MANAGEMENT OF FILES SO THAT THEY CAN BE ACCESSES BY CLIENTS OVER A NETWORK
66
WHAT IS A WEB SERVER USED FOR
WEB SERVERS ARE USED FOR THE STORAGE AND ACCESS OF WEB PAGES AND THEIR FILES RELATE TO USERS
67
WHAT ARE MAIL SERVERS USED FOR
MAIL SERVERS PROVIDE THE ABILITY TO SEND AND RECIVE EMIALS OVER A NETWORK
68
WHAT ARE COMMUNICATION SERVERS USED FOR
COMMUNICATION SERVERS ARE USED TO PROVIDE INTERNET ACCESS TO ALL THE CLIENTS ON A NETWORK

Cyber Security (4 decks)

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