SECTION B Flashcards
(a) What is cultism?
a) Cultism is a secret practice by members of cult groups whose activities are violent and extreme in nature.
(b) Highlight six reasons for the formation of cult groups.
Reasons for the formation of cult groups
Desire to hide one’s weaknesses.
Failure on the part of the family/poor parenting.
Negative peer group influence.
Inadequate religious and moral education.
Poor students welfare in schools/colleges.
Desperate satisfaction of aspirations/academic success.
Mass media influence.
Tacit support of academic staff of schools and colleges.
Threat by lecturers.
Quest for justice.
(a) Define a secret cult group.
(a)A secret cult group refers to an enclosed organized association whose membership and activities as well as mode of operations are not only done and kept in secret but are at variance with the accepted norms of society.
different cult groups in Nigeria
- Pyrate Confraternity (The National Associations of Sea Dogs)
- Buccaneers Confraternity (The National Associations of Sea Lords)
- Black Axe
- Supreme Vikings Confraternity
- Supreme Eiye Confraternity or Air Lords
- Deby Na debt
- Ciao-Sons or mafia cultism
- Kegite club
- Black Bra Confraternity (Axe Queens)
- Daughters of Jezebel
(b) Highlight five ways by which cultism can be prevented.
. Parents should more attention to their children upbringing and educate them properly on acceptable standards of behaviour
ii. School should set up very effective counseling units
iii. Parents should show good example to their children
iv. Sports and recreational activities should be encouraged to engage the youths
v. Community: There should be an effective community relations for proper monitoring of students
vi. Maximum protection by relevant authorities for cultists who are willing to have renounced their membership
v. Voluntary organizations in institutions of learning should make their programmes more interesting to attract membership
vi. The media should be encouraged to project programmes that would sensitize the youth on the dangers of cultism
vii. Protection of those who renounce: Those students who renounce cultism should be protected
viii. Public awareness: There should be an intensive public awareness and campaign against cultism
ix. Students should be encouraged to join religious groups and develop the fear of God because the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom
x. Those in government should try as much as they can to live above board so that when they preach against cultism in our society, they would be seen as role models that can be emulated.
(a) List five consequences of cultism
i. Cultism causes the breakdown of law and order
ii. Cultism activities affect the values of the society
iii. Cultism groups attack each other with various weapons in order to gain supremacy which usually leads to death
iv. Cultism promotes violence because virtually all the groups are violent
v. Immoral activities
vi. Cultism destroys the future of the youth
vii. Mental ill-health, especially madness
viii. Bad image for the cultists and families
ix. Immoral activities and lack of discipline
x. Embarrassment for families and parents
(a) What is drug abuse?
- Drug abuse refers to the use of drugs through self-medication or without due medical prescription and administration. It is the indiscrinate use of any drug, i.e. marijuana (Indian hemp) e.g. heroine, morphine, cocaine, stimulants, alcohol, etc.
- Drug abuse refers to the use of drugs through self-medication or without due medical prescription and administration. It is the indiscrinate use of any drug, i.e. marijuana (Indian hemp) e.g. heroine, morphine, cocaine, stimulants, alcohol, etc.
(b) Highlight six ways by which drug abuse can be curbed in the society .
i. Access to hard drugs should be controlled by those in authority
ii. Creation of job opportunities
iii. Community action and involvement
iv. Involvement in school and extra-curricular activities such as sports may keep people out of drug abuse
v. Psychological reinforcement of behaviours of drug abusers when appropriate
vi. Media campaign against drug abuse should be intensified vii. Proper family upbringing should be encouraged
viii. Counseling the drug abusers of its consequences may prevent them from future drug abuse
ix. You should be encouraged to resist negative peer pressure
x. The youth should taught moral and religious principles
xi. Selected and recognized outlets for the sale of drugs should be controlled
xii. Good knowledge of drugs by individuals and the public should be encouraged
4 Social consequences of drug abuse
Large number of drug addicts roaming the streets with no desire for work or education affects the economy adversely.
Public safety is usually threatened as a result of the anti-social behaviour of drug addicts e.g. thuggery
Widespread violence in the society.
Murder cases become rampant in the society
Rampant cases of rape in the society.
Armed robbery becomes widespread.
Arson becomes widespread.
Preventable road accidents are caused by drug addicts.
Negative effects on younger generation as addicts become perverse role models.
Disruption of societal peace and tranquility as a result of drug-related crimes and conflicts among drug traffickers/barons
It leads to moral decadence
It may lead to congestion of prisons
what is drug trafficking
the world-wide illegal trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances/drugs which are identified under drug prohibition laws
(a) Mention three drugs that can be abused.
Drugs that can be abused:
(i) Cannabis
(ii) Tobacco
(iii) Stimulants
(iv)Alcohol
(v) Narcotics
(vi) Inhalants (cocaine, heroine)
(vii) Methamphetamine
(c) State two social consequences of drug abuse.
(i) Crime: Increase in criminal activities
(ii) Loss of job
(iii) Divorce
(iv) Death
(v) Irresponsible behaviours
(b) List six visible behaviour of drug addicts.
(i) Lies and deceits
(ii) Stealing
(iii) Secrecy/Withdrawal
(iv) Gambling
(v) Disobedience to authority
(vi) Audacity
(vii) Unethical and impulsive behaviours
(a) Define human trafficking
-Human trafficking is defined as the illicit/illegal business involving the sale and transportation of human beings for economic and other selfish purposes usually the unsuspecting victims are lured away into forced labour, prostitution and other forms of abuse.
- Human trafficking the recruitment of children and women by use of force, deceit and coercion into illegal business.
(a) List five effects of human trafficking.
(i) Many of the people/children are not sent to school
(ii) Those who are sent out to hawk food items and other wares are at the risk of being knocked down and killed by motor vehicles
(iii) The girls/ladies among them are sometimes subjected to rape
(iv) Human trafficking in Nigeria has many adverse effects on the government and the people as a whole
(v) It is a violation of the rights of te victims and it is not acceptable in any civilized society
(vi) It tarnishes the image of the country
(vii) It threatens the existence of human right. The people become an object to be possessed or purchased
(viii) It prevents the victims from healthy growth
(ix) It kills the initiative of the victims. The victims become threatened physically and psychologically
(x) The women are at the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS virus which will lead to the death of the patient and spread of the disease.
(b) State six causes of human trafficking in Nigeria
i. Negative peer influence contributed to human trafficking
ii. Our depressed national economy: This has contributed to so much poverty in the country, and it has encouraged the trafficking in children and women
iii. Poverty: The children and women who are victims of human trafficking are usually from poor homes
iv. Unemployment: Many of those involved in children and women trafficking have no jobs
v. Poor economy: Foreign debt crises, corruption, embezzlement inflation etc are pointers to bad economy
vi. Ignorance or lack of knowledge/awareness on the part of victims of human trafficking
vii. Lack of parental guidance and control
viii. Greed: In addition greed has driven .so many women into this obnoxious trade
ix. Illiteracy/lack of education
x. Inadequate punishment for offenders
3 strategies human traffickers use in their activities
-kidnapping of victims
drugging of victims
deception/false promises
fraud
subtle manipulations
baby factories
(ii) Identify three activities of WOTCLEF aimed at curbing human trafficking in Nigeria.
- Conducting research and passing the results on best practices for addressing human trafficking
- Rendering necessary helps to the victims
- Developing training equipment on best practices for dealing with human trafficking
- Setting up rehabilitation/solution centres
- Rendering necessary advices to the victims
(b)(I)What does WOTCLEF stand for?
Women Trafficking and Child Labour Eradication Foundation
State five Hardship that victims of human trafficking may experience in the hands of human traffickers
Human rights violation of the victims e.g they are subjected to hardship/forced labour.
Untimely death of victims due to ill health and maltreatment.
Sexual abuse and risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS,
Victims of human trafficking suffer stigmatization/bad image in the society.
Unwanted pregnancy among female victims.
Most victims of human trafficking end up in abject poverty due to exploitation.
Emotional/physical disorder of victims
Some victims of human trafficking also fall victims of crimes such as drug abuse, drug trafficking.
Denial to victims access to education especially children
consequences of human trafficking to the society
death of victims leading to shortage of man power
spreading of sexually transmitted diseases e.g HIV
cheap labour leading to denial
(a) Define HIV/AIDS.
HIV: HIV means human immuno-deficiency virus. It is a type of virus that attacks, weakens, and destroys the white blood cells which are responsible for immunity in the human body.
AIDS: AIDS means acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It refers to a condition in which an HIV-positive person becomes immune deficient as a result of the destruction of the immune system which makes the victims becomes vulnerable to different forms of infections to the human body.
Ways of preventing HIV/AIDS;
Ways of preventing HIV/AIDS;
Abstinence from unprotected sexual intercourse.
Using of condom/barrier method.
Being faithful to one’s partner (wife/husband).
Use of screened blood during transfusion.
Use of sterilized objects.
Avoid sharing of sharp objects.
Use of disposable sharp objects e.g. needle/syringe.
Encouraging voluntary testing for HIV/AIDS.
(b) List nine symptoms of AIDS
Frequent diarrhoea.
Tuberculosis.
Pneumonia.
Persistent fever.
Weight loss.
Recurrent skin infection.
Excessive sweating.
Recurrent fungal infection in the mouth and throat.
Aching muscles and joints.
Hepatitis b.
Memory loss.
Anaemia.
Blurred/distorted vision.
Swollen lymph glands
Nausea.
Mouth, genital and anal sores
Chronic fatigue
Chills.
(b) List 3 causes of HIV/AID.
sexual contact,
shooting of illicit drugs or use of shared needles, and contact with infected blood.
(b) Highlight five socio-economic effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) on the carrier.
. Death
ii. Depression/low self-esteem
iii. Increased dependency of family and society
IV. Memory loss
v. Job loss/joblessness
vi. Loss Of reputation
(a) Outline five physical manifestations a person with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is bound to exhibit
. Weight loss
ii. Skin rashes
iii.frequent fever/headache
iv. Dry cough/tuberculosis
v. Mouth, and genital sores/bleeding
vi. Chronic diarrhea/dehydration
vii. Swollen luymph, nodes in the neck, armpits
(b) Mention three ways by which HIV/AIDS can be managed.
i. Taking the recommended Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) as at and when due
ii. Eating balanced diet
iii. Discouraging stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAS)
iv. Giving employment to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAS)
v. Creating awareness on the management of HIV/AIDS through the mass media
vi. Teaching of sex/HIV/AIDS education in schools
vii. Engaging in productive exercise
viii. Early discovery of one’s HIV status
(a) State four preventive measures for HIV/AIDS.
i. Distribution of sterilized needles, syringes and other related equipment to hospitals
ii. Destruction of used needles, syringes and other equipment
iii. Avoiding contact with infected body fluid such as blood
iv. Establishment and operation of drug treatment facilities
v. Establishment of mobile outreach centres for the most at risk populations/vulnerable people
vi. Encouraging faithfulness to one’s spouse
vii. Pregnant women should be tested for HIV/AIDS and treated if necessary to avoid mother to child transmission
viii. Treatment of opportunistic infections e.g. STIs
ix. Referral for drug treatment/Anti Retroviral Therapy (VCT)/ knowing one’s HIV/AIDS status
x. Creating awareness about other means of transmitting HIV/AIDS
What is youth empowerment?
Youth Empowerment: A development programme aimed at creating opportunities that will encourage and develop the youths to be morally responsible, self-reliant and financially productive citizen
(b) List three youth empowerment skills.
i. Life coping skills
ii. Intellectual skills
iii. Decision making skills
iv. Leadership skills
v. Negotiation skills
vi. Motivational/self-actualization skills
vii. Communicative skills
viii. Artistic skills
ix. Interpersonal/human relation skills
(c) State three efforts of government towards youth empowerment.
i. Establishment of different agencies, ministries and parastatal for youth empowerment
ii. Provision of soft loan for youths for the establishment of Sr and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) or Industries
iii. Awakening initiatives on youth empowerment through seminars, workshops, symposia, lectures etc
iv. Provision of incentives to make agriculture attractive to youths. e.g subsidies on agricultural inputs
v. Establishment of vocational schools
vi. Provision of automatic employment for graduates vocational/entrepreneurial programmes
vii. Collaboration of government with non-governmental organizations and other advocacy groups on youth empowerment
viii. Capacity building on entrepreneurial/vocational skills for youth empowerment
3 benefits of youth empowerment to the national development
-production of skilled manpower
-development of the attitude of self-reliance
-creation of job opportunities
-reduction of social miscreants in society
-youths are equipped with right values that will help guide their values
-promotion of dignity of labour
-provision of resources for investment for personal/social development
obstacles to youth empowerment in Nigeria
-youth do not make themselves available for the programme/activities
-some youths see the process as being rigorous and time consuming
-some youths don’t understanding of the benefits of the benefits of acquiring these skills
-inadequate skill acquisition by participants
-negative influence of social media
-big start-up mindset of youth
-job seeking mid-set of some youths.
