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Music IGCSE > Section B > Flashcards

Section B Flashcards

1
Q

Main features of Chinese music (4)

A

Pentatonic scale
Pitch-bending
Ornamentation
Monophonic or heterophonic (if it is)

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2
Q

Main features of African music (7)

A

Emphasis on percussion instruments
Chorus singing
Syncopation
Ostinato
Call and response singing
Parallel harmony
Polyrhythm (mostly in drumming)

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3
Q

Main features of Arabic music (6)

A

Quarter-tones
Ornamentation
Small instrument group
Heterophonic
Short phrases
Melody uses small range of notes

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4
Q

Main features of Indonesian music (Gamalan) (4)

A

Use of metallophones and gongs
Heterophonic
Drums indicating tempo change
Lots of contrasting dynamics/tempo

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5
Q

Main features of Japanese music (7)

A

Heterophonic
Pitch bending
Through composed music
Variety of phrase lengths
Free metre
Small instrument number
Often no drums

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6
Q

Main features of Latin American music (6)

A

Syncopation
Homophonic
Regular phrase lengths
Fast tempo
Repetition
Melodic lines often in parallel 3rds or 6ths

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7
Q

Main features of Indian music (5)

A

Drone
Melody based on raga
Pitch bending
Improvisation
Ornamentation

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8
Q

Dizi

A

Chinese
Side-blown bamboo flute
Melody instrument

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9
Q

Erhu

A

Chinese
Bowed two-stringed vertical fiddle
Tuned a fifth apart

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10
Q

Pipa

A

Chinese
Plucked wooden lute

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11
Q

Sheng

A

Chinese
Blown wind instrument
Reed

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12
Q

Qin/Gu zheng

A

Chinese
Plucked zither

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13
Q

Yan qin

A

Chinese
Hammered zither

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14
Q

Guan

A

Chinese
Double reed wind instrument

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15
Q

Yunluo

A

Chinese
Set of gongs

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16
Q

Suona

A

Chinese
Double reeded horns

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17
Q

Chinese Gong

A

Chinese (obviously)
Big Gong

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18
Q

Djembe

A

African
Goblet drum played with bare hands

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19
Q

Talking drum

A

African
Hourglass shaped played with sticks
Pitch controlled by squeezing

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20
Q

Dundun

A

African
Played horizontally with sticks
Three types with different pitches

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21
Q

Kora

A

African
Plucked long-necked lute

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22
Q

Balafon

A

African
Wooden xylophone

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23
Q

Mbira

A

African
Held in hands and plucked
Metal tines on wooden board

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24
Q

Shekere

A

African
Shaken gourd with beads

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25
Q

Sakara

A

African
Hand-held drum with four sizes

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26
Q

Oud

A

Arabic
Plucked/strummed lute-like instrument

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27
Q

Arabic violin

A

Arabic (who would’ve guessed)
Literally just a violin

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28
Q

Qanun

A

Arabic
Plucked zither

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29
Q

Nay

A

Arabic
Blown flute
Also my bestie’s nickname <3

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30
Q

Riq

A

Arabic
Small tambourine

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31
Q

Buzuq

A

Arabic
Plucked metal-stringed lute

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32
Q

Rabab (Bowed)

A

Arabic
Bowed string instrument similar to Erhu

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33
Q

Rabab (Plucked)

A

Arabic
Plucked lute
To quote Mr Goldring, “Yes, there are two types of Rabab. Crazy, I know.”

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34
Q

Doumbek drum

A

Arabic
Played with fingers
Dum: played with right hand, bass
Tek: played with right hand, high
Ka: same as Tek but played with left hand

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35
Q

Maqamat

A

Arabic scales

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36
Q

Iqaat

A

Arabic rhythmic patterns

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37
Q

Ryuteki

A

Japan
Side-blown flute with a medium pitch
Sound is more “airy” than the Shakuhachi

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38
Q

Hichiriki

A

Japan
Double-reed instrument similar to the oboe

39
Q

Sho

A

Japan
Reed instrument, modelled on the Chinese sheng although smaller in size

40
Q

Biwa

A

Japan
A short-necked fretted lute derived from the pipa
Normally accompanies singing
Played with a wide wooden plectrum

41
Q

Taiko

A

Japan
Drum lmao

42
Q

Shakuhachi

A

Japan
An end-blown flute (like a recorder) made of bamboo
Mellow, full sound

43
Q

Koto

A

Japan
A zither derived from the Chinese zheng
Plucked with plectrums worn on fingertips

44
Q

Shamisen

A

Japan
3 stringed guitar-like instrument
Played using a plectrum
Used to accompany kabuki theatre

45
Q

Charango

A

Latin America
Small Andean lute

46
Q

Bandoneon

A

Latin America
A type of concertina
Squeezing and pressing keys

47
Q

Panpipes

A

Latin America
Group of instruments based on the principle of the closed tube
Multiple pipes of gradually increasing length
you blow them LoL

48
Q

Guitar

A

Latin America
Yes

49
Q

Violin

A

Latin America
yes

50
Q

Cajon

A

Latin America
It’s the box thing where you sit on it and hit it and it imitates drums

51
Q

Rain stick

A

Latin America
stick where when you shake it it makes sounds like a rain lol

52
Q

Saron

A

Indonesia
Metal bars resting on hollowed-out wooden cradles
Bars are hit with the mallet
Plays the main melody

53
Q

Bonang

A

Indonesia
Two rows of Gongs over a wooden frame
Decorates the main tune

54
Q

Gender

A

Indonesia
A metallophone hit with a mallet
Decorates tune

55
Q

Gambang

A

Indonesia
A wooden xylophone hit with mallets

56
Q

Gong Ageng

A

Indonesia
A gong played every 8 bars

57
Q

Kempul

A

Indonesia
A set of pitched, hanging, knobbed gongs
Made of bronze, wood, and cords

58
Q

Kendhang

A

Indonesia
The larger double headed drum

59
Q

North Indian

A

Hindustani

60
Q

Other North Indian that sOMEONE DIDN’T TEACH US

61
Q

Tanpura/tamboura

A

Indian (H)
Drone instrument
Long-necked four-stringed lute that is freely strummed

62
Q

Sitar

A

Indian (H)
Plucked with a plectrum (called mizrab)
Long neck with curved, movable metal frets

63
Q

Sarod

A

Indian (H)
Broad neck, fretless fingerboard with a metal sheet which player slides their left fingernails on
Plucked with a plectrum

64
Q

Sarangi

A

Indian (H)
Unfretted bowed instrument
Usually for accompaniment

65
Q

Bansuri

A

Indian (H)
Side-blown wooden flute

66
Q

Tabla

A

Indian (H)
Small right hand drum and big left hand drum

67
Q

Venu

A

Indian (K)
Side-blown flute

68
Q

Veena

A

Indian (K)
Plucked string instrument

69
Q

Indian Violin

A

Indian (K)
Strings tuned in octave pairs
Player sits cross-legged on floor and props the instrument between the shoulder and foot

70
Q

Mridangam

A

Indian (K)
Double-headed drum
Low, woody tone

71
Q

Ghatam

A

Indian (K)
Literally an upturned clay pot

72
Q

Santur/Santoor

A

Indian (K)
Hammered dulcimer so like a smaller yangqin I guess
Plays the melody

73
Q

Harmonium

A

Indian (K)
Keyboard instrument similar to organ
Player blows air through reeds

74
Q

Hindustani Melody Instruments (7)

A

Sitar, sarod, sarangi, bansuri (santoor, veena, violin)

75
Q

Rajasthan Melody Instruments (5)

A

Kamaicha, Sindhi sarangi, Murli, Shehnai, Algoza

76
Q

Alap

A

First section of a raag performance
Free improvisation with no beat and only a drone

77
Q

Jor

A

The second section
Music speeds up and gets a more steady beat

78
Q

Jhala

A

Last section (occasionally the third)
Music is even faster

79
Q

Bandish (don’t know if we need to know this term)

A

Third section?
Song
Drums come in, a pre-composed piece is played with added improvisations

80
Q

Gat

A

Third section
Fixed composition elaborated with ornamentations and improvisation
Instruments only
Drums come in, a pre-composed piece is played with added improvisations

81
Q

Drone

A

Long sustained note

82
Q

Raga

A

Set of notes used (don’t put scale)

83
Q

Tala/tal

A

The rhythmic cycle

84
Q

Tintal/teental

A

Common type of tal
(4+4+4+4=16)

85
Q

Rupak

A

Common type of tal
(3+2+2=7)

86
Q

Kamaicha

A

Indian (R)
Hemispherical bowed lute
3 fretted playing strings

87
Q

Sindhi sarangi

A

Indian (R)
Bowed fretted lute
Full octave higher than Kamaicha

88
Q

Murli

A

Indian (R)
Double reed gourd flute
Shrill, nasal sound

89
Q

Shehnai

A

Indian (R)
Double reed oboe

90
Q

Algoza

A

Indian (R)
Double end-blown wood flute
Shorter plays melody, longer plays drone

91
Q

Dholak

A

Indian (R)
Double-headed barrel drum

92
Q

Khadtal

A

Indian (R)
Generic wooden clapper pair

93
Q

Tihai

A

Rajasthan tal thing
Pattern repeated thrice
Signal end of section, 1st beat
Flourishing end on mudda/gur (first beat of the cycle)

94
Q

Sargam

A

Names of 7 pitches in Indian scale

Music IGCSE (4 decks)

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