Section A- The Challenge Of Natural Hazards Flashcards
What is a natural hazard?
A natural process which caused death, injury, or disruption to humans, or destroy property and possessions
What are the two main types of natural hazard
Geological hazards and meteorological hazards
What is a geological hazard and an example of one
Are cause by land and tectonic processes like volcanoes and earthquakes
What is a meteorological hazard and an example
Are caused by weather and climate like tropical storms
What does primary effects mean
Immediate impact caused by the hazard itself
What is an example of a primary efffect
Injury or death
Building or roads destroyed
Crop and water supplies damaged or contaminated
What is an secondary effect
Happens later on, often as a. Result of the primary effects
What is an example of secondary effects
Unemployment
Food shortages
Shortage of clean water
Can trigger other hazards
What is an example of immediate responses
Evacuate people
Treat the injured and rescue anyone trapped
Recover dead bodies
Provide food,drink and shelter
Provide temporary supplies of gas and electricity
What is an example of long-term responses
Repair homes or rehouse people
Repair or rebuild buildings
Reconnect broken electricity, water gas and communication connections
Improve forecasting,monitoring and evacuation plans
Improve building regulations
Boost economic recovery
What are plate margins
The places where plates meet
How do the plates move
Due to convection currents in the mantle
What are the two types of crust plates are made from and describe them
Continental crust - thicker and less dense
Oceanic - crust is thinner and more dense
What are destructive margins
These are where two plates are moving towards each other
What are constructive margins
Where two plates are moving away from each other
What are conservative margins
Where two plates are moving sideways past each other, or are moving in the same direction but at different speeds
How does destructive margins cause tension leading to an earthquake
Tension builds when one plate gets stuck as it moves past the other plate
How does constructive margins cause tension leading to an earthquake
Tension builds along cracks in the plates as they move away from each other
How does conservative margins cause tension leading to an earthquake
Tension builds up when plates are grinding past each other get stuck
What are the 4 management strategies that can reduce the effects of tectonic hazards
Monitoring
Prediction
Protection
Planning
Where do tropical storms develop
Over warm water
What are the features of a tropical storm
Eye - centre of the storm
Eye wall- surrounds the eye
At the edge clouds become smaller and more scattered
Climate change will affect tropical storms, what are three things that will it affect
Frequency
Intensity
Distribution
What is prediction
Predicting where and when a tropical storm is going to happen
What is monitoring
Storms can be monitored using radar, satellites and aircraft’s, this is so they calculate the storms predicted path
What is planning needed for
Plan evacuation routes
Emergency services can prepare
Avoid high-risk areas
What are some natural factors that cause climate change
Orbital changes
Volcanic activity
Solar output
What are the human activities that are possible causes of climate change
Deforestation
Burning fossil fuels
Farming
Cement production
What are mitigation strategies, and how do they help climate change
Mitigation strategies aim to reduce the causes of climate change
Planting trees
Carbon capture
Alternative energy production
What is adaptation to the climate, and give examples
Adaptation means responding to the effects of climate change
Managing water supply
Coping with rising sea levels
Changing agricultural systems
